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In this report, we present evidence to support the involvement of <jats:italic>sonic hedgehog<\/jats:italic> in promoting rat olfactory sensory axons to branch and to enter into the glomerulus. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) protein is detected in the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb, whereas its transcript is expressed in the mitral and tufted cells, suggesting that Shh in the glomeruli is produced by mitral and tufted cells. In primary OSN cultures, Shh\u2010N peptide promotes olfactory axon branching. When Shh function is neutralized <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> by its antibody, growth of newly generated OSN axons into the glomeruli is vastly reduced. 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