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To facilitate an understanding of the biology of limb development, cataloging the genes that are mutated in patients with polydactyly would be useful. In 2002, I characterized human phenotypes that included polydactyly. Subsequently, many advances have occurred with refinement of clinical entities and identification of numerous genes. Here, I update human polydactyly entities by phenotype and mutated gene. This survey demonstrates phenotypes with overlapping manifestations, genetic heterogeneity, and distinct phenotypes generated from mutations in single genes. Among 310 clinical entities, 80 are associated with mutations in 99 genes. These results show that knowledge of limb patterning genetics is improving rapidly. Soon, we will have a comprehensive toolkit of genes important for limb development, which will lead to regenerative therapies for limb anomalies. Developmental Dynamics 240:931\u2013942, 2011. \u00a9 2011 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.22609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,28]],"date-time":"2011-03-28T14:05:30Z","timestamp":1301321130000},"page":"931-942","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Polydactyly: How many disorders and how many genes? 2010 update"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"240","author":[{"given":"Leslie G.","family":"Biesecker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32601"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","unstructured":"Anon.2010.Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man OMIM (TM). 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