{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T11:56:37Z","timestamp":1780055797732,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]],"date-time":"2014-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G0601104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0601104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DC04185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DC04185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:styled-content>Background:<\/jats:styled-content> The T\u2010box transcription factor Tbx1, is essential for the normal development of multiple organ systems in the embryo. One of the most striking phenotypes in <jats:italic>Tbx1\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic> embryos is the failure of the caudal pharyngeal pouches to evaginate from the foregut endoderm. Despite considerable interest in the role of <jats:italic>Tbx1<\/jats:italic> in development, the mechanisms whereby <jats:italic>Tbx1<\/jats:italic> controls caudal pouch formation have remained elusive. In particular, the question as to how Tbx1 expression in the pharyngeal endoderm regulates pharyngeal pouch morphogenesis in the mouse embryo is not known. <jats:styled-content>Results:<\/jats:styled-content> To address this question, we produced mouse embryos in which <jats:italic>Tbx1<\/jats:italic> was specifically deleted from the pharyngeal endoderm and, as expected, embryos failed to form caudal pharyngeal pouches. To determine the molecular mechanism, we examined expression of <jats:italic>Fgf3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Fgf8<\/jats:italic> ligands and downstream effectors. Although <jats:italic>Fgf8<\/jats:italic> expression is greatly reduced in <jats:italic>Tbx1<\/jats:italic>\u2010deficient endoderm, FGF signaling levels are unaffected. Furthermore, pouch morphogenesis is only partially perturbed by the loss of both <jats:italic>Fgf3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Fgf8<\/jats:italic> from the endoderm, indicating that neither are required for pouch formation. <jats:styled-content>Conclusions:<\/jats:styled-content> <jats:italic>Tbx1<\/jats:italic> deletion from the pharyngeal endoderm is sufficient to cause caudal pharyngeal arch segmentation defects by FGF\u2010independent effectors that remain to be identified. <jats:italic>Developmental Dynamics 243:1143\u20131151, 2014<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.24147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,9]],"date-time":"2014-05-09T02:24:52Z","timestamp":1399602292000},"page":"1143-1151","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Endoderm\u2010specific deletion of <i>Tbx1<\/i> reveals an FGF\u2010independent role for Tbx1 in pharyngeal apparatus morphogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"243","author":[{"given":"Abigail","family":"Jackson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology King's College London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahrunizam","family":"Kasah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology King's College London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne L.","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernice","family":"Morrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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