{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T14:34:51Z","timestamp":1776436491104,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,30]],"date-time":"2014-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Core-to-core program from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"name":"Science and Technology Research Promotion Program for Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries and Food Industry"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:styled-content>Background:<\/jats:styled-content> Congenital loss of the <jats:italic>SHOX<\/jats:italic> gene is considered to be a genetic cause of short stature phenotype in Turner syndrome and Leri\u2010Weill dyschondrosteosis patients. Though <jats:italic>SHOX<\/jats:italic> expression initiates during early fetal development, little is known about the embryonic roles of SHOX. The evolutionary conservation of the zebrafish <jats:italic>shox<\/jats:italic> gene and the convenience of the early developmental stages for analyses make zebrafish a preferred model. Here, we characterized structure, expression, and developmental roles of zebrafish <jats:italic>shox<\/jats:italic> through a loss\u2010of\u2010function approach. <jats:styled-content>Results:<\/jats:styled-content> We found a previously undiscovered Shox protein that has both a homeodomain and an OAR\u2010domain in zebrafish. The <jats:italic>shox<\/jats:italic> transcript emerged during the segmentation period and it increased in later stages. The predominant domains of <jats:italic>shox<\/jats:italic> expression were mandibular arch, pectoral fin, anterior notochord, rhombencephalon, and mesencephalon, suggesting that Shox is involved in bone and neural development. Translational blockade of Shox mRNA by an antisense morpholino oligo delayed embryonic growth, which was restored by the co\u2010overexpression of morpholino\u2010resistant Shox mRNA. At later stages, impaired Shox expression markedly delayed the calcification process in the anterior vertebral column and craniofacial bones. <jats:styled-content>Conclusions:<\/jats:styled-content> Our data demonstrate evolutionarily conserved Shox plays roles in early embryonic growth and in later bone formation. <jats:italic>Developmental Dynamics 244:146\u2013156, 2015<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.24239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,9]],"date-time":"2014-12-09T02:11:19Z","timestamp":1418091079000},"page":"146-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["In vivo loss of function study reveals the <i>short stature homeobox\u2010containing<\/i> (<i>shox<\/i>) gene plays indispensable roles in early embryonic growth and bone formation in zebrafish"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"244","author":[{"given":"Rie","family":"Sawada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyasu","family":"Kamei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fumihiko","family":"Hakuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shin\u2010Ichiro","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo 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