{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T13:26:30Z","timestamp":1791206790141,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]],"date-time":"2015-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["HD049808"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD049808"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold><jats:styled-content>Background<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:bold>: Palatal shelf elevation is an essential morphogenetic process during secondary palate closure and failure or delay of palatal shelf elevation is a common cause of cleft palate, one of the most common birth defects in humans. Here, we studied the role of mesenchymal fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling during palate development by conditional inactivation of <jats:italic>Fgfrs<\/jats:italic> using a mesenchyme\u2010specific <jats:italic>Dermo1\u2010Cre<\/jats:italic> driver. <jats:bold><jats:styled-content>Results<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:bold>: We showed that <jats:italic>Fgfr1<\/jats:italic> is expressed throughout the palatal mesenchyme and <jats:italic>Fgfr2<\/jats:italic> is expressed in the medial aspect of the posterior palatal mesenchyme overlapping with <jats:italic>Fgfr1<\/jats:italic>. Mesenchyme\u2010specific disruption of <jats:italic>Fgfr1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Fgfr2<\/jats:italic> affected palatal shelf elevation and resulted in cleft palate. We further showed that both <jats:italic>Fgfr1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Fgfr2<\/jats:italic> are expressed in mesenchymal tissues of the mandibular process but display distinct expression patterns. Loss of mesenchymal FGFR signaling reduced mandibular ossification and lower jaw growth resulting in abnormal tongue insertion in the oral\u2010nasal cavity. <jats:bold><jats:styled-content>Conclusions<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:bold>: We propose a model to explain how redundant <jats:italic>Fgfr1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Fgfr2<\/jats:italic> expression in the palatal and mandibular mesenchyme regulates shelf medial wall protrusion and growth of the mandible to coordinate the craniofacial tissue movements that are required for palatal shelf elevation. <jats:italic>Developmental Dynamics 244:1427\u20131438, 2015<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.24319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,6]],"date-time":"2015-08-06T11:33:11Z","timestamp":1438860791000},"page":"1427-1438","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Mesenchymal fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling regulates palatal shelf 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