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The perforation of this structure creates an opening connecting the external and the digestive tube which is essential for oral cavity formation. In humans, persistence of the buccopharyngeal membrane can lead to orofacial defects such as choanal atresia, oral synechiaes, and cleft palate. Little is known about the causes of a persistent buccopharyngeal membrane and, importantly, how this structure ruptures. <jats:bold><jats:styled-content>Results<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:bold>: We have determined, using antisense and pharmacological approaches, that <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic> embryos deficient c\u2010Jun N\u2010terminal kinase (JNK) signaling have a persistent buccopharyngeal membrane. JNK deficient embryos have decreased cell division and increased cellular stress and apoptosis. However, altering these processes independently of JNK did not affect buccopharyngeal membrane perforation. JNK deficient embryos also have increased intercellular adhesion and defects in e\u2010cadherin localization. Conversely, embryos with overactive JNK have epidermal fragility, increased E\u2010cadherin internalization, and increased membrane localized clathrin. In the buccopharyngeal membrane, clathrin is colocalized with active JNK. Furthermore, inhibition of endocytosis results in a persistent buccopharyngeal membrane, mimicking the JNK deficient phenotype. <jats:bold><jats:styled-content>Conclusions<\/jats:styled-content>:<\/jats:bold> The results of this study suggest that JNK has a role in the disassembly adherens junctions by means of endocytosis that is required during buccopharyngeal membrane perforation. <jats:italic>Developmental Dynamics 246:100\u2013115, 2017<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.24470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,5]],"date-time":"2016-11-05T04:23:13Z","timestamp":1478319793000},"page":"100-115","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Role of JNK during buccopharyngeal membrane perforation, the last step of embryonic mouth formation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"246","author":[{"given":"Nathalie S.","family":"Houssin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Navaneetha Krishnan","family":"Bharathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen D.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda J.G.","family":"Dickinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,29]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.251194298"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00025-06"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.107938"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00116-1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2007.04.002"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2016.01.016"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2006.03.054"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.032912"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010975124110"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.086850"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.2002.5579"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949310200305"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.522003"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2008.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"1009","article-title":"JNK, cytoskeletal regulator and stress response kinase?","volume":"20","author":"Goberdhan DC","year":"1998","journal-title":"A Drosophila perspective. 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