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Well\u2010characterized members of this family, including the transcriptional activators Brachyury and VegT, are essential for the proper formation of mesoderm and endoderm, respectively. To date, T\u2010box proteins have not been shown to play a role in the promotion of the third primary germ layer, ectoderm. <jats:bold><jats:styled-content>Results<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:bold>: Here, we report that the T\u2010box factor Tbx2 is both sufficient and necessary for ectodermal differentiation in the frog <jats:italic>Xenopus laevis<\/jats:italic>. Tbx2 is expressed zygotically in the presumptive ectoderm, during blastula and gastrula stages. Ectopic expression of Tbx2 represses mesoderm and endoderm, while loss of Tbx2 leads to inappropriate expression of mesoderm\u2010 and endoderm\u2010specific genes in the region fated to give rise to ectoderm. Misexpression of Tbx2 also promotes neural tissue in animal cap explants, suggesting that Tbx2 plays a role in both the establishment of ectodermal fate and its dorsoventral patterning. <jats:bold><jats:styled-content>Conclusions<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:bold>: Our studies demonstrate that Tbx2 functions as a transcriptional repressor during germ layer formation, and suggest that this activity is mediated in part through repression of target genes that are stimulated, in the mesendoderm, by transactivating T\u2010box proteins. Taken together, our results point to a critical role for Tbx2 in limiting the potency of blastula\u2010stage progenitor cells during vertebrate germ layer differentiation. <jats:italic>Developmental Dynamics 247:903\u2013913, 2018<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.24633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T04:31:34Z","timestamp":1523334694000},"page":"903-913","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Tbx2 is required for the suppression of mesendoderm during early <i>Xenopus<\/i> development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"247","author":[{"given":"Sushma","family":"Teegala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, The Graduate Center City University of New York  New York"},{"name":"Department of Biology Queens College, City University of New York Flushing New 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