{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:54:59Z","timestamp":1760403299299,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE027046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE027046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011781","name":"Shriners Hospitals for Children","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["85900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["85900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies showed that mice lacking Fgf18 function had cleft palate defects and that the <jats:italic>FGF18<\/jats:italic> locus was associated with cleft lip and palate in humans, but what specific roles Fgf18 plays during palatogenesis are unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We show that <jats:italic>Fgf18<\/jats:italic> exhibits regionally restricted expression in developing palatal shelves, mandible, and tongue, during palatal outgrowth and fusion in mouse embryos. Tissue\u2010specific inactivation of <jats:italic>Fgf18<\/jats:italic> throughout neural crest\u2010derived craniofacial mesenchyme caused shortened mandible and reduction in ossification of the frontal, nasal, and anterior cranial base skeletal elements in <jats:italic>Fgf18<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>c\/c<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup><jats:italic>;Wnt1\u2010Cre<\/jats:italic> mutant mice. About 64% of <jats:italic>Fgf18<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>c\/c<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup><jats:italic>;Wnt1\u2010Cre<\/jats:italic> mice exhibited cleft palate. Whereas palatal shelf elevation was impaired in many <jats:italic>Fgf18<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>c\/c<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup><jats:italic>;Wnt1\u2010Cre<\/jats:italic> embryos, no significant difference in palatal cell proliferation was detected between <jats:italic>Fgf18<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>c\/c<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup><jats:italic>;Wnt1\u2010Cre<\/jats:italic> embryos and their control littermates. Embryonic maxillary explants from <jats:italic>Fgf18<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>c\/c<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup><jats:italic>;Wnt1\u2010Cre<\/jats:italic> embryos showed successful palatal shelf elevation and fusion in organ culture similar to the maxillary explants from control embryos. Furthermore, tissue\u2010specific inactivation of <jats:italic>Fgf18<\/jats:italic> in the early palatal mesenchyme did not cause cleft palate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results demonstrate a critical role for <jats:italic>Fgf18<\/jats:italic> expression in the neural crest\u2010derived mesenchyme for the development of the mandible and multiple craniofacial bones but <jats:italic>Fgf18<\/jats:italic> expression in the palatal mesenchyme is dispensable for palatogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T04:32:29Z","timestamp":1602217949000},"page":"562-573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Tissue\u2010specific analysis of <i>Fgf18<\/i> gene function in palate 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