{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:01:35Z","timestamp":1792044095665,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,27]],"date-time":"2020-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007904","name":"Texas A and M University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HATCH TEX09452"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HATCH TEX09452"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007904","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Species of <jats:italic>Danionella<\/jats:italic> rank among the smallest of all vertebrates and their miniature size is correlated with an extreme case of progenesis, resulting in tiny, transparent sexually mature individuals. Progenesis has affected the entire skeleton of <jats:italic>Danionella<\/jats:italic>, in which 60 skeletal elements are absent, including some of the skull roofing bones. This lack of a skull roof combined with the presence of a fully formed hearing and sound producing apparatus has led to <jats:italic>Danionella<\/jats:italic> being used as an important model for neurophysiological studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using both rank based and PGi analyses we investigate sequence heterochrony in the development of the skeleton of <jats:italic>Danionella dracula<\/jats:italic> and close relatives. Extreme heterochronic shifts affect the appearance of bony elements in <jats:italic>Danionella dracula<\/jats:italic>. This includes a delay in the appearance of most chondral skull bones, and a reduction or loss of dermal bones that would otherwise form the skull roof. In contrast, formation of the anterior region of the vertebral column, including the functionally important elements of the Weberian apparatus, is greatly accelerated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here we show that the anatomical conditions that favor <jats:italic>Danionella<\/jats:italic> for brain research are the result of extreme heterochronic shifts that have acted differentially across the skeleton.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T22:28:46Z","timestamp":1608071326000},"page":"601-611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Extreme evolutionary shifts in developmental timing establish the miniature <scp><i>Danionella<\/i><\/scp> as a novel model in the neurosciences"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"250","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0161-8385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin W.","family":"Conway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology and Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kole","family":"M. Kubicek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology and Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Britz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sektionsleiter Ichthyologie Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen, Dresden, Museum f\u00fcr Tierkunde  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Embryology and Evolution","author":"De Beer G","year":"1930"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Ontogeny and Phylogeny","author":"Gould 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