{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T16:33:10Z","timestamp":1790440390607,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A small fresh water fish, the Mexican tetra (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Astyanax mexicanus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) is a novel animal model in evolutionary developmental biology. The existence of morphologically distinct surface and cave morphs of this species allows simultaneous comparative analysis of phenotypic changes at different life stages. The cavefish harbors many favorable constructive traits (i.e., large jaws with an increased number of teeth, neuromast cells, enlarged olfactory pits and excess storage of adipose tissues) and regressive traits (i.e., reduced eye structures and pigmentation) which are essential for cave adaptation. A wide spectrum of natural craniofacial morphologies can be observed among the different cave populations. Recently, the Mexican tetra has been identified as a human disease model. The fully sequenced genome along with modern genome editing tools has allowed researchers to generate transgenic and targeted gene knockouts with phenotypes that resemble human pathological conditions. This review will discuss the anatomy of the craniofacial skeleton of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>A. mexicanus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> with a focus on morphologically variable facial bones, jaws that house continuously replacing teeth and pharyngeal skeleton. Furthermore, the possible applications of this model animal in identifying human congenital and metabolic skeletal disorders is addressed. <jats:italic>Developmental Dynamics<\/jats:italic> 248:153\u2010161, 2019. \u00a9 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]],"date-time":"2018-11-19T06:20:03Z","timestamp":1542608403000},"page":"153-161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Craniofacial skeleton of MEXICAN tetra (<i>Astyanax mexicanus)<\/i>: As a bone disease model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"248","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0608-2372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atukorallaya Devi Sewvandini","family":"Atukorala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikram","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravindra","family":"Ratnayake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2008.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.hdy.6800864"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esg071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2007.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1447369"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mod.2014.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"209","volume-title":"Evolution and development of the cavefish oral jaws: adaptations for feeding in biology and evolution of the Mexican Cavefish","author":"Atukorala ADS","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2018.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2041-9139-4-28"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.73.139"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622317739538"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12861-016-0102-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/93.1.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13572"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/zeb.2014.0980"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03008207.2015.1013193"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-016-1106-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12861"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.116.193185"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009551"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4687(199608)229:2<121::AID-JMOR1>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DixonMJ MarazitaML BeatyTH MurrayJC.2011.Cleft lip and palate: understanding genetic and environmental influences. 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