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FGF\/FGFRs are necessary to produce several \u201cvertebrate\u2010specific\u201d structures, including the vertebrate head. Here, we examine the effects of the FGFR2 S252W mutation associated with Apert syndrome on patterns of cranial integration. Our data comprise micro\u2010computed tomography images of newborn mouse skulls, bred to express the Fgfr2 S252W mutation exclusively in either neural crest or mesoderm\u2010derived tissues, and mice that express the Fgfr2 S252W mutation ubiquitously.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Procrustes\u2010based methods and partial least squares analysis were used to analyze craniofacial integration patterns. We found that deviations in the direction and degree of integrated shape change across the mouse models used in our study were potentially driven by the modular variation generated by differing expression of the <jats:italic>Fgfr2<\/jats:italic> mutation in cranial tissues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our overall results demonstrate that covariation patterns can be biased by the spatial distribution and magnitude of variation produced by underlying developmental\u2010genetic mechanisms that often impact the phenotype in disproportionate ways.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T04:46:32Z","timestamp":1652849192000},"page":"1684-1697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Processes and patterns: Insights on cranial covariation from an Apert syndrome mouse 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