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We determined the effects of phosphorylation of six serine and three threonine residues in p120 catenin during zebrafish (<jats:italic>Danio rerio<\/jats:italic>) embryogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We knocked down endogenous p120 catenin\u2010\u03b41 with an antisense RNA\u2010splice\u2010site morpholino (Sp\u2010MO) causing defects in axis elongation. These defects were rescued by co\u2010injections of mRNAs for wildtype mouse p120 catenin\u2010\u03b41\u20103A or various mutated forms. Several mRNAs containing serine or threonine codons singly or doubly mutated to phosphomimetic glutamic acid rescued, and some nonphosphorylatable mutants did not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We discovered that phosphorylation of serine residue S252 or S879 is required for convergent extension of zebrafish embryos, since rescue occurred only when these residues were mutated to glutamic acid. In addition, the phosphorylation of either S268 or S269 is required, not both, consistent with the presence of only a single one of these residues in two isoforms of zebrafish and <jats:italic>Xenopus laevis<\/jats:italic>. In summary, phosphorylation of multiple serine and threonine residues of p120 catenin activates migration of presomitic mesoderm of zebrafish embryos facilitating elongation of the dorsal axis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T23:44:06Z","timestamp":1655336646000},"page":"1952-1967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Phosphorylation of serine residues <scp>S252<\/scp>, <scp>S268<\/scp>\/<scp>S269<\/scp>, and <scp>S879<\/scp> in p120 catenin activates migration of presomitic mesoderm in gastrulating zebrafish embryos"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"251","author":[{"given":"Ariana","family":"Kupai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Van Andel Institute  Grand Rapids Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Nakahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Voss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Hirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Apex Systems  Santa Clara California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donna L.","family":"Lackey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"PACT Pharma, 2 Corporate Drive  South San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James F.","family":"Murayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"DDS Private Practice  Mission Viejo California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chase J.","family":"Mathieson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Integrative Biomedical and Diagnostic Science Oregon Health and Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Botao","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Tulane University Medical School  New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma C.","family":"Horton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Developmental &amp; 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