{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T23:55:04Z","timestamp":1782345304656,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T32GM086252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32GM086252"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>p24\/transmembrane Emp24 domain (TMED) proteins are a set of evolutionarily conserved, single pass transmembrane proteins that have been shown to facilitate protein secretion and selection of cargo proteins to transport vesicles in the cellular secretion pathway. However, their functions in animal development are incompletely understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic> genome encodes eight identified <jats:italic>TMED<\/jats:italic> genes, with at least one member from each defined subfamily (\u03b1, \u03b2, \u03b3, \u03b4). <jats:italic>TMED<\/jats:italic> gene mutants exhibit a shared set of defects in embryonic viability, animal movement, and vulval morphology. Two \u03b3 subfamily genes, <jats:italic>tmed\u20101<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>tmed\u20103<\/jats:italic>, exhibit the ability to compensate for each other, as defects in movement and vulva morphology are only apparent in double mutants. <jats:italic>TMED<\/jats:italic> mutants also exhibit a delay in breakdown of basement membrane during vulva development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results establish a genetic and experimental framework for the study of <jats:italic>TMED<\/jats:italic> gene function in <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>, and argue that a functional protein from each subfamily is important for a shared set of developmental processes. A specific function for <jats:italic>TMED<\/jats:italic> genes is to facilitate breakdown of the basement membrane between the somatic gonad and vulval epithelial cells, suggesting a role for TMED proteins in tissue reorganization during animal development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T07:03:51Z","timestamp":1684479831000},"page":"1149-1161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Genetic characterization of <i>C. elegans<\/i><scp><i>TMED<\/i><\/scp> genes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"252","author":[{"given":"Kristen G.","family":"Navarro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7203-2691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen M.","family":"Chamberlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio 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