{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T17:11:51Z","timestamp":1776445911057,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFI\/16\/ENM\u2010ERA\/3458"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFI\/16\/ENM\u2010ERA\/3458"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12GM081259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12GM081259"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HD113596"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD113596"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018703","name":"HORIZON EUROPE European Innovation Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EURONANOMED2017\u201077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EURONANOMED2017\u201077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018703","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMMI: 15\u201048571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMMI: 15\u201048571"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30\u2010AR069619"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30\u2010AR069619"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010AR073809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010AR073809"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010AR074948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010AR074948"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bones develop to structurally balance strength and mobility. Bone developmental dynamics are influenced by whether an animal is ambulatory at birth. Precocial species, which are ambulatory at birth, develop advanced skeletal maturity in utero and experience postnatal development under mechanical loading. Here, we characterized postnatal bone development in the lower forelimbs of precocial goats using microcomputed tomography and histology. Our analysis focused on the two phalanges 1 (P1) bones and the partially fused metacarpal bone of the goat autopod from birth through adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>P1 cortical bone densified rapidly after birth, but cortical thickness increased continually through adulthood. Upon normalization by body mass, the P1 normalized polar moment of inertia was constant over time, suggestive of changes correlating with ambulatory loading. P1 trabecular bone increased in trabecular number and thickness until sexual maturity (12\u2009months), while metacarpal trabeculae grew primarily through trabecular thickening. Unlike prenatal synostosis (i.e., bone fusion) of the metacarpal diaphysis, synostosis of the epiphyses occurred postnatally, prior to growth plate closure, through a unique fibrocartilaginous endochondral ossification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings implicate ambulatory loading in postnatal bone development of precocial goats and identify a novel postnatal synostosis event in the caprine metacarpal epiphysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.70038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T14:45:41Z","timestamp":1747147541000},"page":"417-429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dynamics of postnatal bone development and epiphyseal synostosis in the caprine autopod"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"255","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8683-5743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Panebianco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Center for Engineering Mechanobiology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0686-5343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maha","family":"Essaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Center for Engineering Mechanobiology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5272-788X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elijah","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Center for Engineering Mechanobiology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"School of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Alabama State University  Montgomery Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8563-4824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Center for Engineering Mechanobiology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"School of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Alabama State University  Montgomery Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Vanc\u00edkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"UCD Conway Institute University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9812-2123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margot C.","family":"Labbert\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, School of Veterinary Medicine University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3405-0551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pieter","family":"Brama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, School of Veterinary Medicine University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9083-6279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niamh C.","family":"Nowlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"UCD Conway Institute University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3126-3025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel D.","family":"Boerckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Center for Engineering Mechanobiology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100028\u20101144106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1043\/0003\u20103219(1994)064<0175:WLABSA>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22203\/ecm.v029a01"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2006.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.105536"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2023.11.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Breeland G","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001290202"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20548"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10167"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20423"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.55212"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2022.1322"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12983\u2010017\u20100215\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2740914"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ede.12320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13496"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"On functional fusions in footbones of ungulates","volume":"39","author":"Leinders JJM","year":"1973","journal-title":"Z S\u00e4ugetierkd"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13848"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010024\u201005425\u20102"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"Throwing enhances humeral shaft cortical bone properties in pre\u2010pubertal baseball players: a 12\u2010month longitudinal pilot study","volume":"18","author":"Weatherholt AM","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774\u2010006\u20100710\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1321605111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198\u2010005\u20102039\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000489672"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.060716"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s8756\u20103282(99)00098\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2015.00067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2006.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20931"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.04.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.093906"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.096354"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097\u20100177(2000)9999:9999<::AID\u2010DVDY1073>3.0.CO;2\u2010F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24170"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.164"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2012.2670"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.33246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.67B4.4030869"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2006.12.201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aax2476"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aav7756"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4166"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irac091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914\u2010004\u20100006\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.141"}],"container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dvdy.70038","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/dvdy.70038","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dvdy.70038","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dvdy.70038","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T06:32:43Z","timestamp":1776407563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dvdy.70038"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dvdy.70038"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dvdy.70038","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.12.26.630423","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1058-8388","1097-0177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-8388","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}