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Here, we map mTOR activity across mouse spinal cord development and test its function using a conditional gene mutant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated readouts of mTORC1 and mTORC2 revealed distinct, stage\u2010dependent patterns. In the early neural tube, phosphorylated S6 (p\u2010S6; Ser235\/236 and Ser240\/244) marked dorsal progenitors and ventral motor neurons, while p\u2010p70S6K, p\u20104E\u2010BP1, and p\u2010Akt (Ser473) were enriched along the luminal surface where mitoses occur. By E13.5, p\u2010S6 persisted in the motor column, whereas p\u2010p70S6K, p\u20104E\u2010BP1, and luminal p\u2010Akt remained ventricular; at E18.5, robust p\u2010S6 and p\u2010p70S6K signals were localized to neuronal somata and fibers in the marginal layer, with minimal p\u2010Akt. Closer examination revealed that mTORC1\/2 signals preferentially colocalized with pHH3\u2010positive ventricular progenitors early, then decoupled as development progressed. Within motor neurons, mTORC1 broadly overlapped with Islet1, including the Lhx3\u2010positive medial motor column (MMC), whereas mTORC2 (p\u2010Akt) labeled an Islet1\u2010positive subset complementary to Lhx3 and declined over time, demarcating lateral, non\u2010MMC domains. Nestin\u2010Cre\u2013mediated mTOR deletion did not overtly affect neuronal organization but reduced GFAP\u2010 and Sox10\u2010positive glial lineage cells, indicating a selective requirement of mTOR for glial differentiation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Together, the data suggest separable and temporal roles of mTORC1 and mTORC2 in progenitor mitosis, motor\u2010neuron domain organization, and late embryonic gliogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.70150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T04:22:57Z","timestamp":1779423777000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatiotemporal dynamics of\n                    <scp>mTORC1<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>mTORC2<\/scp>\n                    in the developing spinal cord and their essential roles in gliogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Rina","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology  Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0360-1138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noriaki","family":"Sasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology  Nara Japan"},{"name":"Medilux Center Nara Institute of Science and Technology  Ikoma Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1896-5180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuma","family":"Shinozuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology  Nara 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