{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T04:54:20Z","timestamp":1781499260928,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K07772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K07772"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K14976"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K14976"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sexual dimorphism in pelvic morphology has been confirmed at the onset of primary ossification. Since pelvic tilt influences spinal alignment and bipedal locomotion, determining the initial emergence of sex\u2010specific tilt differences is crucial. Herein, we measured pelvic tilt and lumbosacral inclination angles (LSIAs) using magnetic resonance imaging in 72 human fetuses (crown\u2013rump length [CRL], 50\u2013225\u2009mm; 34 males [M] and 38 females [F]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The cranial\u2013caudal axis was defined from the first to third sacral vertebrae, and sex differences were assessed using multiple regression analysis including sex, CRL subgroup, and their interaction. Females exhibited greater posterior iliac tilt than males (anterior superior iliac spine\u2013posterior superior iliac spine line: least\u2010squares mean; [F] \u221219.6\u00b0 vs. [M] \u221217.0\u00b0;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.038). The LSIA (L1\/S5\u2013sacral promontory) was larger in males ([F] 166.3\u00b0 vs. [M] 170.2\u00b0;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.033), indicating more dorsally positioned sacra in females. Principal component analysis identified two major components representing\n                      <jats:italic>os coxae<\/jats:italic>\n                      rotation and sacral inclination to the lumbar spine, indicating independent developmental patterns.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings demonstrate that pelvic sexual dimorphism includes tilt orientation from the onset of ossification, reflecting sex\u2010specific developmental trajectories during the prenatal period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.70165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T04:20:23Z","timestamp":1781497223000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prenatal sexual dimorphism in human pelvic tilt at the onset of fetal ossification"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9895-0500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toru","family":"Kanahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4104-6833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Matsubayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research and Advanced Medicine Shiga University of Medical Science  Otsu Shiga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirohiko","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Research Center for Quantum Medicine Gifu University School of Medicine  Gifu Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8194-6927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigehito","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0331-3008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Otani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine Shimane University  Izumo Shimane Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9660-9384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Takakuwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Sciences, Graduate School 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