{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T13:18:55Z","timestamp":1787923135270,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24K09468"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K09468"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Transcription factors of the MIT\/TFE family\u2014\n                      <jats:italic>mitfa<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>mitfb<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>tfec<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2014play essential roles in specifying pigment cells derived from neural crest cells in vertebrates. In teleosts, which possess multiple pigment cell types, these factors exhibit partially redundant but largely distinct functions across different pigment lineages. We previously reported that the combined loss of\n                      <jats:italic>mitfa<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>mitfb<\/jats:italic>\n                      leads to a complete absence of melanophores, xanthophores, and leucophores in medaka.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Here, we describe newly generated hypomorphic alleles of\n                      <jats:italic>mitfa<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>mitfb<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which result in delayed melanophore development. Using these hypomorphic mutants in combination with a newly generated null allele of\n                      <jats:italic>tfec<\/jats:italic>\n                      , we show that Tfec can partially compensate for the loss of Mitfa and Mitfb in melanophore, xanthophore, and leucophore differentiation. Consistent with previous findings in zebrafish, loss of\n                      <jats:italic>tfec<\/jats:italic>\n                      alone results in the complete absence of iridophores. Importantly, simultaneous null mutations in all three genes cause a complete loss of all four chromatophore types and lead to defective pigmentation of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), which is not derived from the neural crest in both\n                      <jats:italic>Oryzias<\/jats:italic>\n                      species and in zebrafish. Using an RPE\u2010specific marker, we further show that the RPE is specified and structurally intact but fails to melanize.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate that the redundant functions of Mitfa, Mitfb, and Tfec are not only essential for the specification of diverse pigment cell types but also critical for RPE pigmentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.70183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T12:22:31Z","timestamp":1787919751000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>MIT<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>TFE<\/scp>\n                    family transcription factors, Mitf and Tfec, redundantly promote pigment cell differentiation and retinal epithelium pigmentation in teleosts"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8505-6710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Lister","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human and Molecular Genetics and Massey Cancer Center Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine  Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Sugiwaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science Nagoya University  Nagoya Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2010-104X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuaki","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) &amp; Laboratory of Bioresources National Institute for Basic Biology  Okazaki Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rieko","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Medaka Aquarium Nagoya Higashiyama Zoo and Botanical Gardens  Nagoya Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0027-244X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Goda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Photonics Medicine Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Shizuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8327-0212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hikaru","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science Nagoya University  Nagoya Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chikako","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&amp;D Fish Breeding Group Regional Fish Institute, Ltd.  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3877-1655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kawilarang W. A.","family":"Masengi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Sam Ratulangi University  Manado Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5184-6554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazunori","family":"Yamahira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Biosphere Research Center University of the Ryukyus  Nishihara Okinawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9185-3495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Naruse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) &amp; Laboratory of Bioresources National Institute for Basic Biology  Okazaki Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2683-0160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Ansai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ushimado Marine Institute, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University  Setouchi Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9381-0066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert N.","family":"Kelsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences University of Bath  Bath UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9142-4444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiko","family":"Hibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science Nagoya University  Nagoya Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0089-9717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hisashi","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science Nagoya University  Nagoya Aichi Japan"},{"name":"R&amp;D Fish Breeding Group Regional Fish Institute, Ltd.  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