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We have performed a quantitative analysis of X\u2010chromosome inactivation in lymphocytes from mothers in normal, three\u2010generation families. Eight mothers and 12 grandmothers exhibited evidence of highly skewed patterns of X\u2010chromosome inactivation. We observed that the male offspring of females with skewed X\u2010inactivation patterns were three times more likely to inherit alleles at loci that were located on the inactive X chromosome (Xi) than the active X chromosome (Xa). The region of the X chromosome for which this phenomenon was observed extends from XP11 to \u2010Xq22. We have also examined X\u2010chromosome inactivation patterns in 21 unaffected mothers of male bilateral sporadic retinoblastoma patients. Six of these mothers had skewed patterns of X\u2010chromosome inactivation. In contrast to the tendency for male offspring of skewed mothers from nondisease families to inherit alleles from the inactive X chromosome, five of the six affected males inherited the androgen receptor alleles from the active X chromosome of their mother. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.1020170304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,25]],"date-time":"2005-05-25T22:47:17Z","timestamp":1117061237000},"page":"198-205","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Transmission\u2010ratio distortion of X chromosomes among male offspring of females with skewed X\u2010inactivation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"A. K.","family":"Naumova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Olien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. 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