{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:07:07Z","timestamp":1777640827110,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,29]],"date-time":"2017-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BL 285\/9\u20102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BL 285\/9\u20102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genesis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conjoined twins occur at low frequency in all vertebrates including humans. Many twins fused at the chest or abdomen display a very peculiar laterality defect: while the left twin is normal with respect to asymmetric organ morphogenesis and placement (<jats:italic>situs solitus<\/jats:italic>), the organ situs is randomized in right twins. Although this phenomenon has fascinated already some of the founders of experimental embryology in the 19th and early 20th century, such as Dareste, Fol, Warynsky and Spemann, its embryological basis has remained enigmatic. Here we summarize historical experiments and interpretations as well as current models, argue that the frog <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic> is the only vertebrate model organism to tackle the issue, and outline suitable experiments to address the question of twin laterality in the context of cilia\u2010based symmetry breakage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.22993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,29]],"date-time":"2017-01-29T11:42:26Z","timestamp":1485690146000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<i>Xenopus<\/i>, an ideal model organism to study laterality in conjoined twins"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Matthias","family":"Tisler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hohenheim, Institute of Zoology Stuttgart D\u201070593 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Schweickert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Blum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hohenheim, Institute of Zoology Stuttgart D\u201070593 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1084576"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mod.2007.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.2006.00124.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.21855"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.100560"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2014.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","first-page":"505","article-title":"Vertebrate left\u2010right asymmetry: Old studies and new insights","volume":"45","author":"Blum M.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cellular and Molecular Biology (Noisy\u2010Le\u2010Grand)"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Developmental biology in Geneva: A three century\u2010long tradition","volume":"46","author":"Buscaglia M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Developmental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-11-29"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_1","unstructured":"Dareste C.(1891). Recherches sur la production artificielle des monstruosit\u00e9s ou Essais de t\u00e9ratog\u00e9nie exp\u00e9rimentale (Paris)."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_1","first-page":"1674","article-title":"Sur la production artificielle de l'inversion visc\u00e9rale ou h\u00e9t\u00e9rotaxie chez des embryons de poulet","volume":"96","author":"Fol H.","year":"1883","journal-title":"C R Academy of Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recherches exp\u00e9rimentales sur la cause de quelques monstruosit\u00e9s simples et de divers processus embryog\u00e9niques","author":"Fol H.","year":"1884","journal-title":"Recueil Zoologique Suisse I"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_14_1","unstructured":"Fol H. &Warynsky S.(1886). Sur la production artificielle de monstres \u00e0 coeur double chez le poulet Gen\u00e8ve."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.03.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg732"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-004-0985-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1997.8662"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/384321a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00939-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.17.1.779"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02275088"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.20690"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1997.8635"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_25_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Das Vorz\u00fcglichste Cabinett","author":"Schultka R.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2006.10.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2004.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_28_1","first-page":"429","article-title":"\u00dcber experimentell erzeugte Doppelbildungen mit cyclopischem Defekt","volume":"7","author":"Spemann H.","year":"1904","journal-title":"Zoologische Jahrb\u00fccher"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_29_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"\u00dcber eine neue Methode der embryonalen Transplantation","volume":"16","author":"Spemann H.","year":"1906","journal-title":"Verh D Dtsch Zool Ges"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_30_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"\u00dcber embryonale Transplantation","volume":"78","author":"Spemann H.","year":"1906","journal-title":"Verh. 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