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Gene mutations that alter skeletal development in the middle ear result in auditory impairment. Mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (\n                    <jats:italic>FGFR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), an important regulator of endochondral and intramembranous bone formation, cause a spectrum of congenital skeletal disorders featuring conductive hearing loss. Although the middle ear malformations in multiple\n                    <jats:italic>FGFR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    gain\u2010of\u2010function disorders are clinically characterized, those in the\n                    <jats:italic>FGFR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    loss\u2010of\u2010function disorder lacrimo\u2010auriculo\u2010dento\u2010digital (LADD) syndrome are relatively undescribed. To better understand conductive hearing loss in LADD, we examined the middle ear skeleton of mice with conditional loss of\n                    <jats:italic>Fgfr2<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We find that decreased auditory function in\n                    <jats:italic>Fgfr2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant mice correlates with hypoplasia of the auditory bulla and ectopic bone growth at sites of tendon\/ligament attachment. We show that ectopic bone associated with the intra\u2010articular ligaments of the incudomalleal joint is derived from Scx\u2010expressing cells and preceded by decreased expression of the joint progenitor marker\n                    <jats:italic>Gdf5<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Together, these results identify a role for\n                    <jats:italic>Fgfr2<\/jats:italic>\n                    in development of the middle ear skeletal tissues and suggest potential causes for conductive hearing loss in LADD syndrome.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.23252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T11:54:18Z","timestamp":1537876458000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A requirement for\n                    <i>Fgfr2<\/i>\n                    in middle ear development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Diana","family":"Rigueur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California  Los Angeles California"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California  Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan R.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California  Los Angeles California"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California  Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Bobzin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California  Los Angeles California"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California  Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3660-1575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy E.","family":"Merrill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California  Los Angeles California"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California  Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198309000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00881"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-7-134"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20666"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12344"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"Doc05","article-title":"Classification and diagnosis of ear malformations","volume":"6","author":"Bartel\u2010Friedrich S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"GMS Current Topics in Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.264994.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-011-9324-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1834"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.115.021592"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.3.483"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181ebcf58"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2015.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201762"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1507"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"The role of movement and tissue interactions in the development and growth of bone and secondary cartilage in the clavicle of the embryonic chick","volume":"93","author":"Hall B. 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