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Aortic arch development begins with the establishment of the second heart field (SHF) that contributes to the pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs). The PAAs remodel during subsequent development to form the mature aortic arch and arch vessels. Retinoic acid signaling involving the biologically active metabolite of vitamin A, plays a key role in multiple steps of this process. Recent work from our laboratory indicates that the E3 ubiquitin ligase <jats:italic>Hectd1<\/jats:italic> is required for full activation of retinoic acid signaling during cardiac development. Furthermore, our study suggested that mild alterations in retinoic acid signaling combined with reduced gene dosage of <jats:italic>Hectd1<\/jats:italic>, results in a benign aortic arch variant where the transverse aortic arch is shortened between the brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries. These abnormalities are preceded by hypoplasia of the fourth PAA. To further explore this interaction, we investigate whether reduced maternal dietary vitamin A intake can similarly influence aortic arch development. Our findings indicate that the incidence of hypoplastic fourth PAAs, as well as the incidence of shortened transverse arch are increased with reduced maternal vitamin A intake during pregnancy. These studies provide new insights as to the developmental origins of these benign aortic arch variants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.23326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]],"date-time":"2019-07-12T16:10:32Z","timestamp":1562947832000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Reduced maternal vitamin A status increases the incidence of normal aortic arch variants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8629-0958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsey F.","family":"Sugrue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University  Washington District of Columbia"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Research Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center  Washington District of Columbia"},{"name":"Center for Genetic Medicine Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center  Washington District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7688-682X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene E.","family":"Zohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Research Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center  Washington District of Columbia"},{"name":"Center for Genetic Medicine Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center  Washington District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12963-015-0063-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1184904"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.351130150"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.042275"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2332-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00305058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.24357"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000330789"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.10980"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2005.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2017160033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.2002.00071.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/85845"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(02)00206-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-009-0760-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90274-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2006.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-980040"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","volume-title":"The anatomical basis of mouse development","author":"Kaufman M. 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