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Foxc1 and Foxc2 are closely related members of the FOX (<jats:styled-content>F<\/jats:styled-content>orkhead <jats:styled-content>b<\/jats:styled-content>o<jats:styled-content>x<\/jats:styled-content>) transcription factor family and are expressed in cNCC during heart development. However, the precise role of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in cNCCs has yet to be fully described. We found that compound NCC\u2010specific <jats:italic>Foxc1;Foxc2<\/jats:italic> mutant embryos exhibited persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA), ventricular septal defects (VSDs), and thinning of the ventricular myocardium. Loss of <jats:italic>Foxc1\/c2<\/jats:italic> expression in cNCCs resulted in abnormal patterns of cNCC migration into the OFT without the formation of the aorticopulmonary septum. Further, loss of <jats:italic>Foxc1<\/jats:italic> expression in cNCCs resulted in normal OFT development but abnormal ventricular septal formation. In contrast, loss of <jats:italic>Foxc2<\/jats:italic> expression in NCCs led to no obvious cardiac abnormalities. Together, we provide evidence that Foxc1 and Foxc2 in cNCCs are cooperatively required for proper cNCC migration, the formation of the OFT septation, and the development of the ventricles. Our data also suggests that <jats:italic>Foxc1<\/jats:italic> expression may play a larger role in ventricular development compared to <jats:italic>Foxc2.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.23364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T17:14:47Z","timestamp":1586279687000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Conditional inactivation of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in neural crest cells leads to cardiac abnormalities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Joshua","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risa","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachiko","family":"Iseki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Tokyo 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