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Previous studies have shown that the epithelial \u03b2\u2010catenin is crucial for palatal fusion, however, the function of the mesenchymal \u03b2\u2010catenin remains elusive. We investigate the role of mesenchymal \u03b2\u2010catenin in palatal development by generating a \u03b2\u2010catenin conditional knockout mouse (CKO) (<jats:italic>Sox9<\/jats:italic>CreER; <jats:italic>Ctnnb1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>F\/F<\/jats:sup>). We found that the CKO mice exhibited delayed palatal elevation, leading to cleft palate in both in vivo and ex vivo. Abnormal cell proliferation and repressed mesenchymal canonical Wnt signaling were found in the CKO palate. Interestingly, Filamentous actin (F\u2010actin) polymerization was significantly reduced in the palatal mesenchyme of mutant embryos. Furthermore, overexpression of adenovirus\u2010mediated transfection with Acta1 in the mutant could help to elevate the palatal shelves but could not prevent cleft palate in ex vivo. Our results suggest that conditionally knock out \u03b2\u2010catenin in the palatal mesenchyme by <jats:italic>Sox9<\/jats:italic>CreER leading to delayed palatal elevation, which results in repressed mesenchymal canonical Wnt signaling, decreased cell proliferation, and reduced actin polymerization, finally causes cleft palate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.23441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T07:51:52Z","timestamp":1628841112000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["<scp><i>Sox9<\/i>CreER<\/scp>\u2010mediated deletion of \u03b2\u2010catenin in palatal mesenchyme results in delayed palatal elevation accompanied with repressed canonical Wnt signaling and reduced actin polymerization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Pang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases &amp; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases &amp; Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases &amp; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases &amp; Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yahong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases &amp; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases &amp; Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases &amp; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases &amp; Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayu","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases &amp; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases &amp; Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel","family":"Burdekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California  Los Angeles California 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