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Twenty\u2010four children with dyslexia and 28 age\u2010matched normal readers participated in the study. They were required to memorize a visually presented series of six Chinese characters and identify them from a list also including code\u2010specific distracters and non\u2010code\u2010specific distracters. Error rates were recorded and were higher for code\u2010specific distracters in all three conditions, revealing phonological, visual, and semantic similarity effects respectively. Group comparisons showed a stronger phonological similarity effect in dyslexic group, suggesting intact activation of phonological representations of target characters. Children with dyslexia also exhibited a greater semantic similarity effect, revealing stronger activation of semantic representations, while visual similarity effects were equivalent to controls. These results suggest that the verbal short\u2010term memory deficit in Chinese dyslexics might not stem from insufficient activation of phonological information. Based the semantic activation of target characters in dyslexics is greater than in controls, it is possible that the memory deficit of dyslexia is related with deficient inhibition of target semantic representations in short\u2010term memory. 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