{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T14:17:08Z","timestamp":1791641828695,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,17]],"date-time":"2016-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012325","name":"National Social Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["13CYY027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13CYY027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["13wkpy37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13wkpy37"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dyslexia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study reports on a meta\u2010analysis to examine how bilingual learners compare with English monolingual learners on two English spelling outcomes: real\u2010word spelling and pseudo\u2010word spelling. Eighteen studies published in peer\u2010reviewed journals between 1990 and 2014 were retrieved. The study\u2010level variables and characteristics (e.g. sample size, study design and research instruments) were coded, and 29 independent effect sizes across the 18 retrieved studies were analysed. We found that bilinguals outperformed monolinguals on real\u2010word spelling overall and more so in early grades, but monolinguals outperformed bilinguals on pseudo\u2010word spelling. Further, bilinguals at risk for reading difficulties did better on real\u2010word spelling than monolinguals at risk for reading difficulties. Having investigated systematic sources of variability in effect sizes, we conclude that in comparison with their monolingual peers, bilingual learners, especially those from alphabetic L1 backgrounds, are able to master constrained skills, such as English spelling, in the current instructional context. Copyright \u00a9 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.1530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,17]],"date-time":"2016-06-17T16:08:47Z","timestamp":1466179727000},"page":"193-213","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Comparing Bilingual to Monolingual Learners on English Spelling: A Meta\u2010analytic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Harvard Graduate School of Education  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blanca","family":"Quiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. Quentin","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Malatesha","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021221206119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008053520326"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01650250042000320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Developing literacy in second\u2010language learners: Report of the National Literacy Panel on K\u201012 youth and adolescents","author":"August D.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"551","volume-title":"Handbook of orthography and literacy","author":"Aaron P. G.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Becoming a professional reading teacher","author":"Aaron P. G.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470743386"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Learning to spell: Research, theory and practice across languages","author":"Bosman A. M. T.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/073194871003300303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/1076998609346966"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmla.2000.2785"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","volume-title":"Applied meta\u2010analysis for social science research","author":"Card N. A.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.89.4.631"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.99.1.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S014271640200005X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532799XSSR0604_04"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","volume-title":"Research synthesis and meta\u2010analysis: A step\u2010by\u2010step approach","author":"Cooper H. M.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716401004015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01026951"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/073194871003300309"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00011363-200020030-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/00028312033004825"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Spelling knowledge and reading development: Insights from Arab ESL learners","volume":"20","author":"Fender M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reading in a Foreign Language"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024445"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-006-9014-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-014-9517-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2005.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","volume-title":"Statistical methods for meta\u2010analysis","author":"Hedges L. V.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/136132898805577205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","volume-title":"The wide range achievement test \u2013 Revised","author":"Jastak S.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.99.4.835"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139524841"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10573560802004449"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Developing literacy in second\u2010language learners: Report of the National Literacy Panel on K\u201012 youth and adolescents","author":"Lesaux N. K.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.99.4.821"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.39.6.1005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221940103400204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888430701343597"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","volume-title":"Practical meta\u2010analysis","author":"Lipsey M. W.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2011.01633.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443410.2013.797337"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9817.2010.01477.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","first-page":"36","volume-title":"Language learners with special needs: An international perspective","author":"Ndlovu K.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022466908317789"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0267190510000115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","volume-title":"Dual language development & disorders: A handbook on bilingualism and second language learning","author":"Paradis J.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.98.4.868"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-006-9012-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Language, literacy, and the needs of the multilingual child","volume":"32","author":"Snow C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Perspectives in Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219410378447"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028163"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/00028312043003449"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007994928645"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023661927929"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716403000018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","volume-title":"The wide range achievement test \u2013 3","author":"Wilkinson G. S.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-011-9347-2"}],"container-title":["Dyslexia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fdys.1530","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fdys.1530","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dys.1530","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T12:04:46Z","timestamp":1696593886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dys.1530"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,17]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dys.1530"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dys.1530","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-9242","1099-0909"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-9242","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0909","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,17]]}}}