{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T17:06:16Z","timestamp":1778864776158,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,16]],"date-time":"2017-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Central Arkansas Research Council"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dyslexia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A growing body of research suggests that individuals with dyslexia struggle to use graphs efficiently. Given the persistence of orthographic processing deficits in dyslexia, this study tested whether graph interpretation deficits in dyslexia are directly related to difficulties processing the orthographic components of graphs (i.e. axes and legend labels). Participants were 80 college students with and without dyslexia. Response times and eye movements were recorded as students answered comprehension questions about simple data displayed in bar graphs. Axes and legends were labelled either with words (mixed\u2010modality graphs) or icons (orthography\u2010free graphs). Students also answered informationally equivalent questions presented in sentences (orthography\u2010only condition). Response times were slower in the dyslexic group only for processing sentences. However, eye tracking data revealed group differences for processing mixed\u2010modality graphs, whereas no group differences were found for the orthography\u2010free graphs. When processing bar graphs, students with dyslexia differ from their able reading peers only when graphs contain orthographic features. Implications for processing informational text are discussed. Copyright \u00a9 2017 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.1551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,16]],"date-time":"2017-01-16T08:23:00Z","timestamp":1484554980000},"page":"24-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Exploring Text and Icon Graph Interpretation in Students with Dyslexia: An Eye\u2010tracking Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0180-6968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunjung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders University of Central Arkansas Conway AR USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Wiseheart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders St. John's University Queens NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2006.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2004.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09500693.2015.1082672"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11251-008-9051-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15326942DN2103_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2332671"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-898X.4.2.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"Should we be using learning styles? What research has to say to practice","author":"Coffield F.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2013.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2009.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/EC.45.1.d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(90)90157-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/749671"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","volume-title":"IBM SPSS statistics for windows (version 22.0)","author":"Corp I. B. M.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"157","volume-title":"Eye movements and the higher psychological functions","author":"Just M. A.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326950dp4003_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195122657.003.0014","volume-title":"The Oxford handbook of memory","author":"Kelley C. M.","year":"2000"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparing graphs and text: Effects of complexity and task","volume":"8","author":"Kim S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Eye Movement Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2014.03.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02648083"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","volume-title":"enGauge 21st century skills: Digital literacies for a digital age","author":"Lemke C.","year":"2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"78","article-title":"Using words to explain mathematical ideas","volume":"25","author":"MacGregor M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Language and Literacy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177731915"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.99.3.640"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194050380030601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/hfes.45.1.28.27225"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(03)00035-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/PBR.15.4.757"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037211"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ceps.1994.1029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532690xci2104_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10573560601158461"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013180410169"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.59.103006.093633"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579408000631"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","volume-title":"Test of word reading efficiency","author":"Torgesen R.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036293"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3501.148"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221940103400501"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(98)70320-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","volume-title":"Woodcock\u2013Johnson III tests of cognitive abilities","author":"Woodcock R.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0265532205lt305oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.1331"}],"container-title":["Dyslexia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fdys.1551","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dys.1551","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T20:49:05Z","timestamp":1719002945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dys.1551"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,16]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dys.1551"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dys.1551","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-9242","1099-0909"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-9242","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0909","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,16]]}}}