{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T04:54:01Z","timestamp":1791867241117,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["694189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["694189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["082498\/Z\/07\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["082498\/Z\/07\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dyslexia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the profile of language abilities in a sample of high\u2010achieving English speaking adults with developmental disorders. Ninety\u2010seven adult participants were recruited: 49 with a dyslexia diagnosis (dyslexic group), 16 with a diagnosis of a different developmental disorder including dyspraxia, autism and SpLD (non\u2010dyslexic developmental disorder group) and 32 with no diagnosis (non\u2010disordered group). Dyslexic and non\u2010dyslexic developmental disorder groups demonstrated similar impairments across measures of word reading, working memory, processing speed and oral language. Dyslexic participants showed the usual pattern of impaired phonological skills but spared non\u2010verbal intelligence and vocabulary. There were also some suggestions of impaired structural oral language skills in this group. A data\u2010driven clustering analysis found that diagnosis was not a reliable predictor of similarity between cases, with diagnostic categories split between data\u2010driven clusters. Overall, the findings indicate that high\u2010achieving adults with developmental disorders do demonstrate impairments that are likely to affect success in higher education, but that support needs should be assessed on a case\u2010by\u2010case basis, rather than according to diagnostic label.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.1672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T11:08:16Z","timestamp":1605611296000},"page":"3-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Profile of language abilities in a sample of adults with developmental disorders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0138-5945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail R.","family":"Bradshaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe V. J.","family":"Woodhead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothy V. M.","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Left, right, hand and brain: The right shift theory","author":"Annett M.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2019.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077463"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12747"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2006.00232.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2018.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2018.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"Expression, reception and recall of narrative instrument (ERRNI)","author":"Bishop D. V. M.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1996.tb02590.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444300895.ch3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.6.858"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","volume-title":"Communication checklist\u2010self report (CC\u2010SR)","author":"Bishop D. V. M.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14623"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"Handbook for the culture fair intelligence test, scale 2","author":"Cattell R. B.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2016.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-4446.12372"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9457(02)00163-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344552"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2012.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","volume-title":"Test of adolescent and adult language","author":"Hammill D. D.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2346830"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-21606-5_14"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/000709902158801"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0309877X.2015.1023563"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2018.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199907000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5104.337"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221940103400608"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9457(98)00010-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.1.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","volume-title":"NEPSY: A developmental neuropsychological assessment","author":"Korkman M.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02648083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00674"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-007-9166-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03075070600572173"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multivariate L1 methods: The package MNM","volume":"43","author":"Nordhausen K.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.1542"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2019).R: A language and environment for statistical computing.Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.r-project.org"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","volume-title":"Assessment of children: WISC\u2010IV and WPPSI\u2010III supplement","author":"Sattler J. M.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","volume-title":"Clinical evaluation of language fundamentals\u2014Revised","author":"Semel E. M.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654309350931"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2002.1198"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9868.00293"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","volume-title":"Test of word reading efficiency (TOWRE)","author":"Torgesen J.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-3802.2012.01264.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2007.00920.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","volume-title":"WAIS\u2010III administration and scoring manual","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","volume-title":"Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","volume-title":"Wechsler adult intelligence test","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12353"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-009-0028-7"}],"container-title":["Dyslexia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dys.1672","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/dys.1672","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dys.1672","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T16:05:41Z","timestamp":1693670741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dys.1672"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dys.1672"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dys.1672","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-9242","1099-0909"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-9242","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0909","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-08-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}