{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T13:18:18Z","timestamp":1779196698300,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,22]],"date-time":"2023-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["386617\u20102012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["386617\u20102012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dyslexia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Reading and spelling skills are important to communicate in today's literate society, however, the underlying processes of spelling skills are under\u2010researched compared to reading skills. Our goals were to (a) study how the component skills of phonological, orthographic and morphological awareness are different in adults with and without reading difficulties, and (b) characterize the relationship between the component skills and reading and spelling performance in both skilled and poor readers. Participants (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a037, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a015 with reading impairments and <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a022 skilled readers) took part in the study where they completed several literacy\u2010based measures. We performed a series of mixed ANOVAs to study the between\u2010group differences in performance and the relationship between different literacy outcomes, respectively. We found evidence for poor phonological and morphological awareness in the poor readers compared to the skilled readers. We also found differential relationships between the component skills and reading and spelling behavior. Specifically, sound awareness was significantly related to reading and spelling measures in the skilled readers, whereas morphological and sound awareness played an important role in the same skills in the poor readers. We discuss these findings in the context of potential remediation strategies for adults with persistent literacy impairments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.1731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T05:30:14Z","timestamp":1674451814000},"page":"58-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Reading and spelling profiles of adult poor readers: Phonological, orthographic and morphological considerations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1759-4250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kulpreet","family":"Cheema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cassidy","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Science University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Hodgetts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Reconstructive Science in Medicine  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Cummine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/edp.2013.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2017.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461(2011\/10-0085)"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534508410380135"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","volume-title":"Written language disorders: Theory into practice","author":"Bain A. 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