{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T14:54:26Z","timestamp":1747148066163,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dyslexia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Research has shown that children with dyslexia and children with a low socioeconomic status (SES) fall behind in terms of literacy acquisition, but a question remains regarding the cumulative effect of dyslexia and SES on linguistic, cognitive and reading skills. To examine the impact of cognition and environment on literacy development, we returned to the data set of 1,441 elementary school children (223 dyslexic readers and 1,241 typical readers) from low and medium\u2010high SES backgrounds within Palestinian society in Israel who had participated in the development study of a comprehensive battery of tests in oral and written Arabic. The findings of this retrospective study reveal that, across grade levels, dyslexic readers from a low SES background showed similar performance to those from a medium\u2010high SES background on most linguistic, cognitive and reading measures. As for typical readers, SES contributed to individual differences in all linguistic, cognitive and reading indices, with the exception of RAN. Finally, a cumulative effect of dyslexia and SES was found in relation to morphology, vocabulary, listening comprehension and text\u2010reading accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.1735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T08:31:05Z","timestamp":1678264265000},"page":"78-96","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The cumulative effect of socioeconomic status and dyslexia on linguistic, cognitive and reading skills among Arabic\u2010speaking children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1182-940X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim A.","family":"Asadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Arab Academic College for Education Department of special education and Learning Disabilities Haifa Israel"},{"name":"The Unit for the Study of Arabic Language, Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities University of Haifa Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4164-5249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronen","family":"Kasperski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Education Shaanan Academic Religious Teachers' College Haifa Israel"},{"name":"Department of Special Education Gordon College of Education Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1513-5034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miri","family":"Sarid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Learning Disabilities Western Galilee College Acco Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024237415143"},{"volume-title":"Beginning to read: Thinking and learning about print","year":"1990","author":"Adams M. J.","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/edp.2020.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.303"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17586801.2013.862163"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19388071.2019.1662143"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10936-019-09646-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02702711.2020.1864608"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-017-9755-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000922000538"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10936-022-09885-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9817.12093"},{"volume-title":"A test for the diagnosis of reading and writing disabilities in the arabic language, based on national israeli norms","year":"2014","author":"Asadi I. A.","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/PP.70.4.697"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01538-2"},{"volume-title":"Memory","year":"2009","author":"Baddeley A.","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1201"},{"volume-title":"Administration, scoring, and teaching manual for the Beery\u2010VMI","year":"2010","author":"Beery K. E.","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini Y.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B: Methodological"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410617019"},{"volume-title":"Manual for Raven's Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales. Section 7: Research and references: Summaries of normative, reliability, and validity studies and references to all sections","year":"1995","author":"Court J. H.","key":"e_1_2_9_23_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13192"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716404001110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(76)90075-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03173012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"433","volume-title":"Handbook of language and literacy: Development and disorders","author":"Ehri C. L.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2008\/07-0210)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00437956.1959.11659702"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-019-09967-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2005.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1366728915000504"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.1439"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074193258600700104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.1638"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"The early catastrophe: The 30 million word gap by age 3","volume":"27","author":"Hart B.","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Educator"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-016-9709-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00401799"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2010.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042486"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-005-4644-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-80072-7_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-8545-7_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2015.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-4369.2008.00487.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10573569.2015.1105763"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecresq.2018.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rssb.12298"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9817.12277"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000366"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219409355478"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01442"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2010.549868"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-0909(200007\/09)6:3<193::AID-DYS170>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"volume-title":"Where all students can succeed","year":"2019","author":"OECD","key":"e_1_2_9_57_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24407"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888430701530730"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.330"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443410.2011.599835"},{"volume-title":"Reading for understanding: Toward an R&D program in reading comprehension","year":"2002","author":"RAND Reading Study Group","key":"e_1_2_9_62_1"},{"volume-title":"Raven's colored progressive matrices","year":"1995","author":"Raven J.","key":"e_1_2_9_63_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716403000225"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716404001249"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-005-3180-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-8545-7_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-8545-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-020-10019-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0142723710393098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-011-9326-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00356"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-010-0047-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0965(03)00106-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.adt.0000311413.75804.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09658210601043384"},{"volume-title":"Dyslexia","year":"2000","author":"Snowling M.","key":"e_1_2_9_77_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00651"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948802101003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(96)01005-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-010-9273-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-020-00193-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888438.2017.1340948"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_JSLHR-L-18-0193"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023495"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949402700503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219410369096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2008.12.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Longitudinal influences of socio\u2010economic status on visual\u2010motor integration: The north\u2010west child health, integrated with learning and development study","volume":"9","author":"Van Wyk Y.","year":"2019","journal-title":"South African Journal of Childhood Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0021-9630.2003.00305.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13364"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02702711.2020.1768973"},{"volume-title":"Wechsler scales of intelligence for children (WISC\u2010R\u201095): Hebrew version","year":"1998","author":"Wechsler D.","key":"e_1_2_9_94_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.91.3.415"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532799XSSR0503_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797610363406"}],"container-title":["Dyslexia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dys.1735","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/dys.1735","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dys.1735","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T23:45:15Z","timestamp":1729035915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dys.1735"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dys.1735"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dys.1735","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-9242","1099-0909"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1076-9242"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-0909"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}