{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:51:13Z","timestamp":1767833473364,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,3]],"date-time":"2024-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dyslexia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the multiple\u2010deficit hypothesis among Arabic\u2010speaking elementary school students. A total of 90 students, divided into three main groups based on their performance on an Arabic word\u2010reading task: dyslexic (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200930), regular age\u2010matched (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200930), and 3rd\u2010grade regular students, who were matched to the dyslexic group in regard to their reading proficiency level (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200930). Participants underwent a nine\u2010domain Arabic reading experiment that measured accuracy and fluency to evaluate general reading proficiency. The performance of Arabic dyslexic students was significantly worse than age\u2010matched controls, but similar to young matched controls based on the reading level of each cognitive task. Moreover, dyslexic students showed deficits in three or more cognitive functions, depending on severity. This study adds to the limited empirical research on the double\u2010deficit hypothesis and its extension to the multiple\u2010domain model among young Arabic students.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.1759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T08:49:25Z","timestamp":1709542165000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of the multiple\u2010deficit hypothesis among dyslexic<scp>Arabic<\/scp>\u2010speaking children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1035-5641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salim","family":"Abu Rabia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education University of Haifa Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esraa","family":"Darawshe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education University of Haifa Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/wsr\/wsr014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5539\/ijel.v1n2p64"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-8545-7_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008147606320"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9817.00177"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10936-006-9035-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ce.2012.34074"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10936-019-09631-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ce.2012.37185"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10936-005-9010-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rrq.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10936-016-9469-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9817.12093"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","article-title":"A systemic framework for summary writing. Conference on Language & Communication (LCLC) 2010, 5\u20106 Aguest, Bankok, Thailand","author":"Assadi N.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning No. 8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-016-9685-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716418000310"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24815\/siele.v5i1.9927"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21273"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3844\/ajnsp.2010.1.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coltheart M. &Kohnen S.(2012).Acquired and developmental disorders of reading and spelling.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118432501.ch43"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5296\/elr.v6i1.16258"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2018.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.430"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13603116.2018.1508517"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-8545-7_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-018-9877-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-8545-7_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2007.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X11001841"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2012.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-016-9653-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","volume-title":"Testing the double\u2010deficit hypothesis in Arabic language among Emirati students in grade\u20103","author":"Gharaibeh M. F.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","volume-title":"Phonological awareness: From research to practice","author":"Gillon G. T.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enw101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-8-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojml.2013.31005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tine.2012.08.001"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","first-page":"964","article-title":"Dyslexia: Challenging behaviors and characteristics","volume":"9","author":"Juneja P.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/lnc3.12372"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-014-9499-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716422000327"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/psych.2015.61003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10573569.2015.1105763"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-013-9462-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2015.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23273798.2017.1404114"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-011-9306-y"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","article-title":"Development and standardization of a phonological processing test in Arabic","volume":"5","author":"Mahfoudhi A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arab Journal of Applied Linguistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02346.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888438.2010.537715"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vision3020023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2317-1782\/20142014135"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-015-0105-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12673"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2014.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12589"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60198-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112842"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9817.2012.01547.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.1560"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/edu0000625"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888438.2013.862249"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.1496"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-2327-6_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17586801.2013.857586"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315766027-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-8545-7_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saiegh\u2010Haddad E. &Joshi R. M.(Eds.). (2014).Handbook of Arabic literacy: Insights and perspectives.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-8545-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888438.2016.1180526"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-8545-7_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","volume-title":"Phonological awareness and rapid automated naming as predictors of reading: A test of the double deficit hypothesis","author":"Schmahl B.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888438.2016.1180525"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888438.2022.2106866"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2407(08)00002-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rrq.401"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12646-014-0280-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","article-title":"Phonological awareness and Reading in children with and without dyslexia in English and Kannada","volume":"9","author":"Siddaiah A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosocial Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.369"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000037"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03054985.2020.1765756"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jrir.12002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888438.2013.873936"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-012-0241-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00821"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10936-015-9362-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-010-9273-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_JSLHR-L-18-0193"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-012-9423-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219409345009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-016-0129-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888438.2015.1077447"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.91.3.415"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12040425"}],"container-title":["Dyslexia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dys.1759","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T19:14:54Z","timestamp":1731525294000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dys.1759"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,3]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dys.1759"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dys.1759","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-9242","1099-0909"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-9242","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0909","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e1759"}}