{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:40:32Z","timestamp":1786977632114,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000279","name":"Nuffield Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EDU\/40250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EDU\/40250"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000279","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dyslexia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The nature and cause of auditory processing deficits in dyslexic individuals have been debated for decades. Auditory processing deficits were argued to be the first step in a causal chain of difficulties, leading to difficulties in speech perception and thereby phonological processing and literacy difficulties. More recently, it has been argued that auditory processing difficulties may not be causally related to language and literacy difficulties. This study compares two groups who have phonological processing impairments for different reasons: dyslexia and a history of otitis media (OM). We compared their discrimination thresholds and response variability to chronological age\u2010 and reading age\u2010matched controls, across three auditory processing tasks: frequency discrimination, rise\u2010time discrimination and speech perception. Dyslexic children showed raised frequency discrimination thresholds in comparison with age\u2010matched controls but did not differ from reading age\u2010matched controls or individuals with a history of OM. There were no group differences on speech perception or rise\u2010time tasks. For the dyslexic children, there was an association between phonological awareness and frequency discrimination response variability, but no association with thresholds. These findings are not consistent with a \u2018causal chain\u2019 explanation but could be accounted for within a multiple deficits view of literacy difficulties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.1760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T20:20:20Z","timestamp":1706041220000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Variability in auditory processing performance is associated with reading difficulties rather than with history of otitis media"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3050-8908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen L.","family":"Breadmore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1883-7741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorna F.","family":"Halliday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology and Language Sciences University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3614-6883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia M.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Learning Coventry University  Coventry UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00206099909073006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03005364.2001.11742730"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000081282"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.85.2.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2217-10.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2010.00990.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.6.858"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1244333"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2007.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2008.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232839"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/301419a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888438.2016.1246554"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716416000072"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_JSLHR-19-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","volume-title":"Recommended procedure: Pure\u2010tone air\u2010conduction and bone\u2010conduction threshold audiometry with and without masking","author":"British Society of Audiology","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.0647-13.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.0837-15.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12588"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00366.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Brief tone discrimination by children with histories of early otitis media","volume":"8","author":"Cranford J. 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