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Eye movements were recorded during a boundary\u2010change paradigm. Parafoveal previews were either an identity preview (e.g., nearly), a transposed\u2010letter preview (e.g., enarly) or a substituted\u2010letter preview (e.g., acarly). Dyslexic readers showed a preview benefit for identity previews, indicating that orthographic information was encoded parafoveally. Furthermore, dyslexic readers benefitted from transposed\u2010letter previews more than substituted\u2010letters previews, demonstrating that letter identity was encoded independently to letter position during parafoveal processing. Although a transposed\u2010letter effect was found for dyslexic readers, they demonstrated a reduced sensitivity to detect transposed\u2010letters in later measures of reading, that is, go\u2010past times, relative to that found for typically developing readers. We conclude that dyslexic readers, with less rich and fully specified lexical representations, have a reduced sensitivity to transpositions of the first two letters of the upcoming word in preview. These findings are compatible with the view that orthographic representations of dyslexic children are not sufficiently specified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.1791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T05:49:28Z","timestamp":1733291368000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Parafoveal Processing and Transposed\u2010Letter Effects in\u00a0Developmental Dyslexic Reading"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6502-0676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie A.","family":"Kirkby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Bournemouth University  Poole UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhiannon S.","family":"Barrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Bournemouth University  Poole UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Drieghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Southampton  Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon P.","family":"Liversedge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Computing University of Central Lancashire  Preston UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2008.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2012.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721414530145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12643"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229934"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"643","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Eye Movements","author":"Blythe H. 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