{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T09:47:49Z","timestamp":1753868869591,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32171063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32171063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dyslexia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Developmental dyslexic (DD) children encounter challenges in sublexical orthographic, phonological, and semantic processing. However, there exists limited knowledge about the predominance of these three types of sublexical processing in visual word recognition among DD children. To investigate this issue, we screened 50 DD and 47 typically developing (TD) third\u2010grade native Chinese\u2010speaking children, and employed a picture\u2010novel character mapping task. We constructed four types of options: semantic radical\u2010legal position pseudo characters (e.g., <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/dys1795-gra-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"image\"\/>), phonetic radical\u2010legal position pseudo characters (e.g., <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/dys1795-gra-0002.png\" xlink:title=\"image\"\/>), semantic radical\u2010illegal position false characters (e.g., <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/dys1795-gra-0003.png\" xlink:title=\"image\"\/>), and phonetic radical\u2010illegal position false characters (e.g., <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/dys1795-gra-0004.png\" xlink:title=\"image\"\/>). Results in the multilevel logistic mixed\u2010effects regression analysis revealed that semantic radical\u2010legal position pseudo characters were more predictive for the trial\u2010level participants' response of TD children, whereas phonetic radical\u2010legal position pseudo characters were more predictive for the trial\u2010level participants' response of DD children. Consistently, semantic radical\u2010legal position pseudo characters were poorer predictors, while phonetic radical\u2010legal position pseudo characters were stronger predictors for the trial\u2010level participants' response of DD children than for that of TD children. These findings collectively suggest the predominance of sublexical orthographic and phonological processing in DD children's visual word recognition, and DD children may rely more on the sublexical phonological processing relative to TD children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.1795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T06:56:43Z","timestamp":1733295403000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Overreliance on Sublexical Phonological Processing in Visual Word Recognition for Third\u2010Grade Mandarin\u2010Speaking Dyslexic Children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jing Hengyi School of Education Hangzhou Normal University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jing Hengyi School of Education Hangzhou Normal University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wangmei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Qiantang District Wenqing Primary School  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tongxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jing Hengyi School of Education Hangzhou Normal University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaowen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Northwest Normal University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiuyue","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jing Hengyi School of Education Hangzhou Normal University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tongjie","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jing Hengyi School of Education Hangzhou Normal University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruojiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jing Hengyi School of Education Hangzhou Normal University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaoxue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jing Hengyi School of Education Hangzhou Normal University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Licheng","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Preschool Education Hangzhou Polytechnic  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jing Hengyi School of Education Hangzhou Normal University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare Hangzhou Normal University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"189","volume-title":"Morphological Aspects of Language Processing","author":"Carlisle J. 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