{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T16:21:49Z","timestamp":1777134109646,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,16]],"date-time":"2003-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1066262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dyslexia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study of adults with self\u2010reported learning disabilities (SRLD) in Slovenia is part of a larger secondary analysis of the data from the International Literacy Survey project (IALS). The purpose of the study was to examine the characteristics of 79 (2.68%) individuals who reported experiencing learning disabilities and compare them to the general population on a variety of indicators of educational background, employment status, and reading and writing activities at work and at home. The proficiency scores of the SRLD individuals were lower in all three literacy domains (prose, document and quantitative literacy). In prose literacy 77.9% of SRLD adults performed at Level 1 and only 7.8% reached the level necessary for a modern technological society. Experiencing learning disabilities was not related to gender or age, however, results showed significant differences between the levels achieved by older and younger people with SRLD. In SRLD groups aged 40 years and above, no one achieved more than the second level of literacy in any domain. Learning disabilities were reported more frequently in rural areas.<\/jats:p><jats:p>SRLD groups achieve significantly lower educational attainment, and lower employment status, with a preference for manual labour or craft. These findings are of critical importance. SRLD people report that poorer literacy skills are an obstacle to their progression in employment. In the Slovene sample, the SRLD group stands out for low scores in quantitative literacy. Results show that they are less active, pick up information only auditorily or in short written form. They need more frequent help from relatives in literacy activities.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Interpretation of the IALS data on SRLD presents many problems. These include amongst others, problems in terminology, different background factors, and the validity of self\u2010report measures. However, the study also raises many interesting challenges for future research and policy. Increasing the availability of support, assistance and counselling for adolescents and adults with learning disabilities remains a very important goal for dyslexia and LD policies in Slovenia. Copyright \u00a9 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,22]],"date-time":"2003-10-22T19:21:59Z","timestamp":1066850519000},"page":"229-251","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Adults with self\u2010reported learning disabilities in Slovenia: Findings from the international adult literacy survey on the incidence and correlates of learning disabilities in Slovenia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Lidija","family":"Magajna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marija","family":"Kavkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Ortar\u2010Kri\u017eaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aubrey C. 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Kranj: Moderna organizacija."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Posvet ob 30\u2010letnici enote osnovne \u0161ole (1958\u20131988): zbornik strokovnega posvetovanja v Ljubljani, 27. in 28. Septembra 1988 (pp.381\u2013397)","author":"Kavkler M.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Opredelitev in merjenje pismenosti odraslih: metodolo\u0161ki pristop v mednarodni raziskavi o pismenosti","volume":"2","author":"Knafli\u010d L.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sodobna Pedagogika"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Temeljno znanje in spretnosti mladih, brezposelnih in star\u0161ev \u0161olskih otrok","author":"Knafli\u010d L.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Kolenc F.(1996).Dru\u017ebeni polo\u017eaj oseb z motnjami v razvoju med dvema vojnama (1918\u20131940) na Slovenskem. Social status of people with developmental disorders during the period between two wars (1918\u20131940) in Slovenia (Master thesis). Ljubljana: Faculty of Education University of Ljubljana."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Evalvacija programa \u017eivljenja in dela osnovne \u0161ole","author":"Kozinc A.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Sloven\u0161\u010dina v prvem triletju","author":"Kri\u017eaj Ortar M.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Vloga jezika v spoznavnem razvoju \u0161olskega otroka","author":"Kunst Gnamu\u0161 O.","year":"1979"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"439","article-title":"Opismenjevanje na pragu 21. stoletja","volume":"41","author":"Kunst Gnamu\u0161 O.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Sodobna pedagogika"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Law on Primary Education(1996).Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia 12. 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