{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:45:11Z","timestamp":1791215111979,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,25]],"date-time":"2005-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dyslexia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report a series of experiments designed to explore the locus of the phonological deficit in dyslexia. Phonological processing of dyslexic adults is compared to that of age\u2010 and IQ\u2010matched controls. Dyslexics' impaired performance on tasks involving nonwords suggests that sub\u2010lexical phonological representations are deficient. Contrasting nonword repetition vs auditory nonword discrimination suggests that dyslexics are specifically impaired in input phonological processing. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that the deficit initially affects input sub\u2010lexical processes, and further spreads to output and lexical processes in the course of language acquisition. Further longitudinal research is required to confirm this scenario as well as to tease apart the role of the quality of phonological representations from that of verbal short\u2010term memory processes. Copyright \u00a9 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,25]],"date-time":"2005-11-25T19:16:47Z","timestamp":1132946207000},"page":"253-268","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Exploring dyslexics' phonological deficit I: lexical vs sub\u2010lexical and input vs output processes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Gayaneh","family":"Szenkovits","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Ramus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/713755750","article-title":"Speech perception in children with specific reading difficulties (dyslexia)","volume":"51","author":"Adlard A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-934X(03)00305-5"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"341","article-title":"PRAAT, a systems for doing phonetics by computer","volume":"5","author":"Boersma P.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glot International"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2004.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.28.5.874","article-title":"Persistence of dyslexics' phonological awareness deficits","volume":"28","author":"Bruck M.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021750223632"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00577023"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03210983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"263","volume-title":"Foundations of language development","author":"Fourcin A. J.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-407-00007-0.50009-4","volume-title":"Language, cognitive deficits and retardation","author":"Fourcin A. J.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Phonological assessment battery","author":"Frederickson N.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"301","volume-title":"Surface dyslexia","author":"Frith U.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02643299208252052"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Test de l'Alouette","author":"Lefavrais P.","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0041906"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15326942dn2201_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(85)90021-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh340","article-title":"More than words: A common neural basis for reading and naming deficits in developmental dyslexia?","volume":"128","author":"McCrory E. J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.290"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1996.2343"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00003241"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(03)00035-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg076"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Advanced progressive matrices","author":"Raven J.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15326942DN2303_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2001\/057)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2001\/032)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2004.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Dyslexia","author":"Snowling M. J.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0087332"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948802101003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(80)90139-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9817.2004.00233.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Dyslexia: Research and theory","author":"Vellutino F. R.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221325.1975.10532313"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"WAIS\u2010III: Echelle de l'intelligence de Wechsler pour adultes\u2014Troisi\u00e8me Edition","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","article-title":"The role of sensorimotor processing in dyslexia: A multiple case study of dyslexic children","author":"White S.","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0965(03)00139-5"}],"container-title":["Dyslexia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fdys.308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dys.308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T22:58:21Z","timestamp":1694473101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dys.308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dys.308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dys.308","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-9242","1099-0909"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-9242","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0909","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]}}}