{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T07:19:27Z","timestamp":1768029567617,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":3530,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dyslexia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"DOI":"10.1002\/dys.314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,10]],"date-time":"2006-02-10T00:21:55Z","timestamp":1139530915000},"page":"231-255","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Longitudinal case-studies of developmental dyslexia in Norwegian"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Trude","family":"Nerg\u00e5rd-Nilssen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB1","author":"Alin-\u00c5kerman","year":"1980","unstructured":"& (1980). Griffiths' Utvecklingsskalor I och II\u2014Manual f\u00f6r administreing och utv\u00e4rdering. Psykologif\u00f6rlaget AB."},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB2","author":"Alin-\u00c5kerman","year":"1991","unstructured":"& (1991). Griffiths' Developmental Scales. Stockholm, Sweden: Psykologif\u00f6rlaget AB."},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.26.3.439","volume":"26","author":"Bruck","year":"1990","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2455","volume":"71","author":"Bryant","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.2002.2672","volume":"82","author":"Bryant","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.81.3.313","volume":"81","author":"Byrne","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.39.5.913","volume":"39","author":"Carroll","year":"2003","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000903005725","volume":"30","author":"de Cara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Child Language"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2451","volume":"70","author":"de Jong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB10","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Dyslexia in different languages. Cross-linguistic comparisons","author":"de Jong","year":"2003","unstructured":"(2003). Problems in the acquisition of fluent word decoding in Dutch children. In (Ed.), Dyslexia in different languages. Cross-linguistic comparisons (pp. 33\u201352). London: Whurr Publishers."},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.91.3.450","volume":"91","author":"de Jong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.95.1.22","volume":"95","author":"de Jong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB13","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Word recognition in beginning literacy","author":"Ehri","year":"1998","unstructured":"(1998). Grapheme\u2013phoneme knowledge is essential for learning to read words in English. In & (Eds.), Word recognition in beginning literacy (pp. 3\u201340). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associated, Inc."},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1598\/RRQ.33.1.3","volume":"33","author":"Elbro","year":"1998","journal-title":"Reading Research Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB15","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Phonological processes in literacy: A tribute to Isabelle Y. Liberman","author":"Fowler","year":"1991","unstructured":"(1991). How early phonological development might set the stage for phoneme awareness. In & (Eds.), Phonological processes in literacy: A tribute to Isabelle Y. Liberman (pp. 97\u2013117). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates."},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB16","volume-title":"Gruppepr\u00f8ven. IL-Basis","author":"Frost","year":"1996","unstructured":"& (1996). Gruppepr\u00f8ven. IL-Basis. Oslo: Assessio."},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021963099005284","volume":"41","author":"Gallagher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB18","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Word recognition in beginning literacy","author":"Goswami","year":"1998","unstructured":"(1998). The role of analogies in the development of word recognition. In & (Eds.), Word recognition in beginning literacy (pp. 41\u201363). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associated, Inc."},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0909(200004\/06)6:2<133::AID-DYS160>3.0.CO;2-A","volume":"6","author":"Goswami","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dyslexia"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-002-0010-0","volume":"52","author":"Goswami","year":"2002a","journal-title":"Annals of Dyslexia"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.2002.2673","volume":"82","author":"Goswami","year":"2002b","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB22","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Reading acquisition","author":"Goswami","year":"1992","unstructured":"& (1992). Rhyme, analogy, and children's reading. In , & (Eds.). Reading acquisition (pp. 49\u201363). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates."},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.94.1.34","volume":"94","author":"Griffiths","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0909(199709)3:3<163::AID-DYS83>3.0.CO;2-0","volume":"3","author":"Hagtvet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dyslexia"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB25","first-page":"29","volume":"2","author":"Hagtvet","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Special Needs Education"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB26","author":"Hagtvet","year":"1985","unstructured":"& (1985). Norwegian edition of the Reynell developmental language scales (Reynell, J., & Huntley, M., 1977). Oslo: Universitetsforlaget AS."},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB27","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Dyslexia in different languages. Cross-linguistic comparisons","author":"Hagtvet","year":"2003","unstructured":"& (2003). The spelling errors of Norwegian good and poor decoders: A developmental cross-linguistic perspective. In (Ed.), Dyslexia in different languages. Cross-linguistic comparisons (pp. 53\u201367). London: Whurr Publishers."},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1177\/002221940103400502","volume":"34","author":"Holopainen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.2002.2674","volume":"82","author":"Hulme","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.2002.2670","volume":"82","author":"Hulme","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2456","volume":"71","author":"Hulme","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1999.2500","volume":"73","author":"Laing","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.199","volume":"7","author":"Landerl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dyslexia"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(97)00005-X","volume":"63","author":"Landerl","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB35","author":"Langset","year":"1974","unstructured":"(1974). Norwegian edition of Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI). Norsk Psykologforening."},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.1980.tb00356.x","volume":"21","author":"Lundberg","year":"1980","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB37","volume-title":"Ringeriksmaterialet","author":"Lyster","year":"1992","unstructured":"& (1992). Ringeriksmaterialet. H\u00f8nefoss: Tingleff forlag."},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.274","volume":"10","author":"Lyytinen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dyslexia"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0965(02)00179-0","volume":"84","author":"Messbauer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB40","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Word recognition in beginning literacy","author":"Metsala","year":"1998","unstructured":"& (1998). Spoken vocabulary growth and the segmental restructuring of lexical representations: Precursors to phonemic awareness and early reading ability. In & (Eds.), Word recognition in beginning literacy (pp. 89\u2013120). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associated, Inc."},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.40.5.665","volume":"40","author":"Muter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2453","volume":"71","author":"Muter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/01690960042000003","volume":"16","author":"Nation","year":"2001","journal-title":"Language and Cognitive Processes"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.304","volume":"12","author":"Nerg\u00e5rd-Nilssen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dyslexia"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(90)90013-A","volume":"35","author":"Nicolson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(00)01896-8","volume":"24","author":"Nicolson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB47","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Dyslexia in different languages. Cross-linguistic comparisons","author":"Nikolopoulos","year":"2003","unstructured":", & (2003). Developmental dyslexia in Greek. In (Ed.), Dyslexia in different languages. Cross-linguistic comparisons (pp. 53\u201367). London: Whurr Publishers."},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg076","volume":"126","author":"Rasmus","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-000-0018-2","volume":"50","author":"Rescorla","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annals of Dyslexia"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2002\/028)","volume":"45","author":"Rescorla","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB51","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Specific reading disability\u2014a view of the spectrum","author":"Scarborough","year":"1998","unstructured":"(1998). Early identification of children at risk for reading disabilities\u2014phonological awareness and some other promising predictors. In , & (Eds.), Specific reading disability\u2014a view of the spectrum (pp. 75\u2013119). Timonium: York Press."},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.2307\/1130834","volume":"61","author":"Scarborough","year":"1990","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1348\/000712603321661859","volume":"94","author":"Seymour","year":"2003","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-2014(02)00093-X","volume":"17","author":"Silv\u00e9n","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cognitive Development"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB55","author":"Sivertsen","year":"1988","unstructured":"(1988). Norwegian edition of Aston Index (Newton, M. J., & Thompson, M. E.). Skolepsykologi\u2014Materiellservice."},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.185","volume":"7","author":"Snowling","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dyslexia"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00651","volume":"41","author":"Snowling","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.7402003","volume":"74","author":"Snowling","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB59","first-page":"86","volume-title":"Reading development and dyslexia","author":"Snowling","year":"1994","unstructured":", & (1994). Phonological constraints on learning to read: Evidence from single-case studies of reading difficulty. In & (Eds.), Reading development and dyslexia (pp. 86\u2013104). London: Whurr Publishers."},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1994.0124","volume":"346","author":"Snowling","year":"1994","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB61","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Word recognition in beginning literacy","author":"Stahl","year":"1998","unstructured":"& (1998). Issues involved in defining phonological awareness and its relation to early reading. In & (Eds.), Word recognition in beginning literacy (pp. 65\u201387). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associated, Inc."},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1997.2375","volume":"66","author":"Swan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.101.2.192","volume":"101","author":"Wagner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1006\/drev.1993.1015","volume":"13","author":"Walley","year":"1993","journal-title":"Developmental Review"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB65","volume-title":"Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)","author":"Wechsler","year":"1974","unstructured":"(1974). Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI). New York: The Psychological Cooperation."},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.94.2.272","volume":"94","author":"Wimmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.92.4.668","volume":"92","author":"Wimmer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/dys.314-BIB68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.131.1.3","volume":"131","author":"Ziegler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"}],"container-title":["Dyslexia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fdys.314","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/dys.314","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T19:52:58Z","timestamp":1625255578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dys.314"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dys.314","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-9242","1099-0909"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-9242","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0909","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006]]}}}