{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:06:48Z","timestamp":1791234408493,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,6]],"date-time":"2008-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dyslexia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compared processing of non\u2010verbal auditory stimuli by dyslexic and non\u2010dyslexic children using electrophysiological methods. The study included 39 children (17 with dyslexia plus 22 controls) assessed via frontal, central, parietal, and temporal electrodes. As an extension of previous P300 event\u2010related potential studies, we analysed variations in the power values of 40\u2010Hz oscillations (gamma\u2010band oscillations involved in cognitive processing) during a specific time window in response to the auditory \u2018oddball\u2019 paradigm that entail target (random 2\u2009kHz) and standard (frequent 1\u2009kHz) stimuli. Dyslexic children differed significantly from controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) in the mean power of the wavelet\u2010transformed 40\u2010Hz oscillation in a time interval starting at 25 ms after stimulus onset up to 50 ms. This means defective processing of sounds. Within groups, standard and target tones elicited significantly different power values (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). Correlations of values between standard and target responses at each electrode position were not significant within either group, although dyslexics showed a lower correlation than controls. Significant differences in the mean power of these oscillations detected at very early stages of auditory processing in dyslexic children and the wide range of mean values reveal impairment in processing non\u2010verbal sounds in dyslexia. Our results also support recent findings using behavioural and electrophysiological methods suggesting that dyslexia is a general auditory deficit instead of a speech\u2010specific deficit. Copyright \u00a9 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,6]],"date-time":"2008-03-06T17:54:23Z","timestamp":1204826063000},"page":"72-85","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Low\u2010level defective processing of non\u2010verbal sounds in dyslexic children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Paulino","family":"Ucl\u00e9s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Garay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Ni\u00f1o diestro, ni\u00f1o zurdo. Prueba de lateralidad usual","author":"Auz\u00edas M.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(98)00934-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207458708985933"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459109080642"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0965(03)00023-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(93)90003-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Test An\u00e1lisis Lecto\u2010Escritura (TALE)","author":"Cervera M.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/155005949602700105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200304150-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/brln.1998.2027"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459608987246"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410070505"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.4.2643"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(63)90016-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhi031"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Brain\u2010event related potentials in man","author":"Goff W.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"1073","article-title":"Dyslexics may miss rhythm of sounds","volume":"10","author":"Goswami U.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(01)00557-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(80)90222-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01027184"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/010503998420621"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Progress in learning disabilities Vol I. Electroencephalography and learning","author":"Hughes J. R.","year":"1968"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"S218","article-title":"Event\u2010related brain potentials in reading\u2010disabled children","volume":"110","author":"Idiaz\u00e1bal M. A.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proceedings of XI international congress of EMG and clinical neurophysiology. Clinical Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Functional neuroscience Vol II. Neurometrics: Clinical applications of quantitative electrophysiology","author":"John E. R.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.24.11748"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(98)00030-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1748502","article-title":"Acoustic\u2013phonetic approach toward understanding neural processes and speech perception","volume":"10","author":"Koch D.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Audiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2005.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-4694(98)00030-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3720262"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AUD.0000120363.56591.E6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb22958.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0926-6410(95)00042-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009459622805"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","first-page":"S142","article-title":"Electrophysiological findings in dyslexic children","author":"M\u00e9ndez M.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 27th international congress of clinical neurophysiology. Muscle & Nerve"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(65)80004-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.11.6483"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","first-page":"198","article-title":"Identification of auditory laterality by means of a dichotic digit test in Spanish, and body laterality and spatial orientation in children with dyslexia and in controls","volume":"41","author":"Olivares\u2010Garc\u00eda M. R.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Review Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01195258"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.20.8996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg076"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0965(89)90006-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Biomag","author":"Ribary A.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","volume-title":"The neurophysiology of learning disorders. Reading retardation in children: Developmental lag or deficit?","author":"Rourke B. P.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/brln.1998.2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"The neurophysiology of learning disorders. Cerebral dominance and reading: An older problem revisited","author":"Satz P.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00785-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199701200-00030"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2004.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/17021","article-title":"Striving for coherence","volume":"397","author":"Singer W.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1474"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(99)00321-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(80)90139-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1990.tb00389.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/364059a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","volume-title":"Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children\u2010Revised","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459708986404"}],"container-title":["Dyslexia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fdys.360","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dys.360","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T18:24:18Z","timestamp":1699899858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dys.360"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,6]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dys.360"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dys.360","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-9242","1099-0909"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-9242","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0909","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,6]]}}}