{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:49:21Z","timestamp":1790167761828,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ethics &amp; Human Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Since 1979, <jats:italic>The Belmont Report<\/jats:italic> has served as a guidebook for ensuring that basic standards for ethical research are upheld. <jats:italic>The Belmont Report<\/jats:italic> calls for special protections of vulnerable research participants, such as people who are incarcerated and economically and educationally disadvantaged individuals who are deemed susceptible to exploitation. With a growing focus on health equity and community\u2010engaged approaches in health equity research, efforts to involve vulnerable participants are increasing. Yet there is little understanding of what matters most to vulnerable populations. This study sought to understand, from participant perspectives, ethical considerations when conducting research with two vulnerable populations: women experiencing homelessness and women who are incarcerated. Health care professionals and staff that work closely with homeless and incarcerated populations were also interviewed. The findings from semistructured interviews with these populations underscore the sustained importance of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice, and further highlight the need for self\u2010determination; privacy\/confidentiality; continuous consent; fair treatment; benefit\u2010burden balance; nonauthoritarian relationships; and fair access to research participation. Although <jats:italic>The Belmont Report<\/jats:italic> durably serves to ethically guide standard conventional research, the <jats:italic>Report<\/jats:italic>'s original concepts should be extended to include specific considerations when vulnerable populations are involved in community\u2010engaged research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eahr.60005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T08:55:10Z","timestamp":1735894510000},"page":"20-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ethical Considerations for Conducting Community\u2010Engaged Research with Women Experiencing Homelessness and Incarcerated Women"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Dickins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Investigator at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) at the National\u00a0Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) in the Division of Intramural Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"\u201cHealthy People 2030 \u201d Centers for Disease Control and Prevention November 7 2024 https:\/\/health.gov\/healthypeople."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2016.0053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/084456211304500306"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2017.1329482"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.8.966"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840.2023.2238091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/health.2012.44026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40592-022-00165-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02792-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-017-0241-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S105483"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","volume-title":"Principles of Biomedical Ethics","author":"Bolatito","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/soc4.12847"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.2005.013722"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2333393617732017"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Studying Homeless and Incarcerated Persons: A Comparative Account of Doing Field Research with Hard-to-Reach Populations","volume":"19","author":"Umamaheswar J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung\/Forum: Qualitative Social Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.35.4.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","volume-title":"The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research","author":"Shaw and Elger","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","article-title":"Limitations on Biomedical and Behavioral Research Involving Prisoners: An Argument Supporting the Institute of Medicine's Recommendations to Revise Regulations","volume":"34","author":"Osganian A. L.","year":"2008","journal-title":"New England Journal on Criminal and Civil Confinement"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-016-0164-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-018-00364-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/qhw.v11.30996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06426-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5840\/jsce200727156"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.focus.20190028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100416"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","unstructured":"Barrow Brannan andKhandhar \u201cResearch Ethics.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","volume-title":"Women and Health Research","author":"Mastroianni A. C.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.887380"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","unstructured":"Vogt D. \u201cResearch on Women Trauma and PTSD \u201d U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs PTSD: National Center for PTSD February 2 2023 http:\/\/www.ptsd.va.gov\/professional\/treat\/specific\/ptsd_research_women.asp."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","unstructured":"Friesenet al. \u201cRethinkingThe Belmont Report?\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","unstructured":"Coughlin Lewis andSmith \u201cEthical and Social Issues in Health Research Involving Incarcerated People.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","unstructured":"Bracken-Rocheet al. \u201cThe Concept of \u2018Vulnerability\u2019 in Research Ethics.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04567.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-017-2046-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","unstructured":"Smith \u201cHow Ethical Is Ethical Research?\u201d"}],"container-title":["Ethics &amp; Human Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eahr.60005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T08:55:24Z","timestamp":1735894524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eahr.60005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eahr.60005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eahr.60005","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2578-2355","2578-2363"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2578-2355","type":"print"},{"value":"2578-2363","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}