{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:11:34Z","timestamp":1790244694400,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ethics &amp;amp; Human Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The creation and study of brain organoids may hold significant promise for understanding brain functions, disorders, and diseases. This research may also raise novel considerations and ethical concerns, but it has significant public and professional support when thoughtfully undertaken. Current legislative and judicial restrictions on abortion and pronouncements about fetal personhood could, however, have a surprisingly broad and unintended reach, even conceivably restricting the development and use of brain organoids and other biomedical and bioengineered research tools. Brain organoid research thus may constitute a cautionary tale about the risks of performative policy\u2010making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eahr.60017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T07:33:38Z","timestamp":1741937618000},"page":"41-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Brain Organoid Research in a Post\u2010\n                    <i>Dobbs<\/i>\n                    World"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Christine N.","family":"Coughlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor of law at Wake Forest University School of Law and a core faculty member in the Wake Forest Center for Bioethics, Health &amp; Society"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy M. P.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor emeritus in the Department of Social\u00a0Sciences &amp; Health Policy at Wake Forest University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"McEwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate student in translational and health system science at the Wake Forest University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eahr.500218"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization 597 U.S. 215 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1806175"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00120.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14272"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"1389","article-title":"Donor Perspectives on Informed Consent and Use of Biospecimens for Brain Organoid Research","volume":"18","author":"MacDuffie K. E.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schneider E. L. A.Samsa andV.Dublejevic \u201cA Political and Ethical Landscape of Brain Organoid Research \u201dMolecular Psychology: Brain Behavior and Society(2024):2\u20133.","DOI":"10.12688\/molpsychol.17521.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2019.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.113892"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161969"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2021.167243"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0061"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1178494"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","unstructured":"Li \u201cOrganoids \u201d569."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsci.2023.1017235"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","unstructured":"Iyer A. \u201cIs OI the New AI? Questions Surrounding \u2018Brainoware \u2019\u201d Petrie-Flom Center (blog) March 13 2024 https:\/\/blog.petrieflom.law.harvard.edu\/2024\/03\/13\/is-oi-the-new-ai-questions-surrounding-brainoware\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","unstructured":"Smirnovaet al. \u201cOrganoid Intelligence (OI).\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-111020-090812"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","volume-title":"ISSCR Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation","author":"International Society for Stem Cell Research","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2020.146653"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2024.151470"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","unstructured":"For example today stem cell research is overseen largely by committees and guidelines created by academic medical centers in many different states where this work is done. Global governance standards such as theISSCR Guidelines have long been considered desirable and may be influential but have not been broadly implemented as standards. National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine The Emerging Field of Human Neural Organoids Transplants and Chimeras 67\u201369."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"368","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Research Ethics","author":"King N. M. P.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073110519897789"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","unstructured":"Hyun Scharf-Deering andLunshof \u201cEthical Issues Related to Brain Organoid Research\u201d; but see National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine The Emerging Field of Human Neural Organoids Transplants and Chimeras 69."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"S2","article-title":"Creating Chimeric Animals: Seeking Clarity on Ethics and Oversight","volume":"52","author":"Maschke K. J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hastings Center Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smirnovaet al. \u201cOrganoid Intelligence (OI)\u201d; Kataoka M. T.-L. Lee and T. Sawai \u201cHuman Brain Organoid Research and Applications: Where and How to Meet Legal Challenges? \u201dJournal of Bioethical Inquiry(2024): doi:10.1007\/s11673-024-10349-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11673-024-10349-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","unstructured":"International Society for Stem Cell Research ISSCR Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation 9; Kataoka et al. \u201cBeyond Consciousness \u201d 6."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine The Emerging Field of Human Neural Organoids Transplants and Chimeras 63; Kataoka et al. \u201cBeyond Consciousness \u201d 6."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine The Emerging Field of Human Neural Organoids Transplants and Chimeras 63."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","unstructured":"45 C.F.R. 46.102(e)(1)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine The Emerging Field of Human Neural Organoids Transplants and Chimeras 63."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"But see Kataoka M. T.-L.Lee andT.Sawai \u201cThe Legal Personhood of Brain Organoids \u201dJournal of Law & Biosciences(2023):1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1093\/jlb\/lsad007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","unstructured":"Ibid.;Kataokaet al. \u201cBeyond Consciousness \u201d6\u20138."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","unstructured":"Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","first-page":"728","article-title":"Dobbs and Democracy","volume":"137","author":"Murray M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Harvard Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","unstructured":"LePage v. Center for Reproductive Medicine P.C. No. SC-2022-0515 2024 WL 656591(Ala. Feb. 16 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","unstructured":"Ghorayshi A. andS.Kliff \u201cIVF Threats in Alabama Drive Clinics to Ship Out Embryos \u201dNew York Times August 12 2024."},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_6_40_1.1","unstructured":"Ala S.B.159(2024);Masserly M. \"'Scratching their heads': State Lawmakers Take a Closer Look At Personhood Laws in Wake of Alabama Ruling \"Politico July 24 2024"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_6_40_1.2","unstructured":"Zablocki A. E. Borha and G. Spinelli \"IVF Caught in the Crosshairs: The Aftermath of the LePage Decision \" Healthcare Law (blog) March 19 2024 https:\/\/www.sheppardhealthlaw.com\/2024\/03\/articles\/healthcare\/ivf-caught-in-the-crosshairs-the-aftermath-of-the-lepage-decision\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","unstructured":"Pregnancy Justice When Fetuses Gain Personhood: Understanding the Impact on IVF Contraception Medical Treatment Criminal Law Child Support and Beyond August 17 2022 https:\/\/www.pregnancyjusticeus.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/fetal-personhood-with-appendix-UPDATED-1.pdf pg.4."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","unstructured":"La. Rev. Stat. \u00a7 9:123 (2024) (\u201cAn in vitro fertilized human ovum exists as a juridical person until such time as the in vitro fertilized ovum is implanted in the womb; or at any other time when rights attach to an unborn child in accordance with law.\u201d); La. Rev. Stat. \u00a7 122 (2024) (\u201cThe use of a human ovum fertilized in vitro is solely for the support and contribution of the complete development of human in utero implantation. No in vitro fertilized human ovum will be farmed or cultured solely for research purposes or any other purposes. The sale of a human ovum fertilized human ovum or human embryo is expressly prohibited.\u201d); seeKataoka Lee and Sawai \u201cThe Legal Personhood of Brain Organoids \u201d8\u201313."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","unstructured":"Pregnancy Justice When Fetuses Gain Personhood 4."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","unstructured":"AlaskaH.B.107 (2024) (the language of the house bill was amended to clarify that \u201c\u2018person\u2019 does not include an environmental element artificial intelligence animal or inanimate object.\u201d)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","unstructured":"Acu\u00f1a Buxton M. \u201cAlaska GOP Bill Redefining \u2018Life\u2019 Could Lead to Murder Charges for Abortions \u201dAlaska Current February 23 2024 https:\/\/thealaskacurrent.com\/2024\/02\/23\/alaska-gop-abortion-charged-with-murder\/; \u201cState Legislation Tracker \u201d Guttmacher Institute accessed December 24 2024 https:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/state-legislation-tracker(reporting that 23 bills were introduced across a variety of states in 2024 to ban abortion by establishing fetal personhood and an additional seven were introduced to ban fetal tissue donation and restrict research but none of these bills have been enacted to date)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","unstructured":"See Kataoka Lee andSawai \u201cHuman Brain Organoid Research and Applications?\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","unstructured":"A deeper examination of the ethical legal and social issues of research using embryos and fetal tissues is beyond the scope of this essay."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","unstructured":"KoplinandSavulescu \u201cMoral Limits of Brain Organoid Research.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kataoka Lee andSawai \u201cThe Legal Personhood of Brain Organoids \u201d10\u201312.","DOI":"10.1093\/jlb\/lsad007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780197750704.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44319-023-00007-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21507740.2021.1896603"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-023-03448-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","unstructured":"LavazzaandChinaia \u201cHuman Brain Organoids and Their Ethical Issues.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-018-04813-x"}],"container-title":["Ethics &amp; Human Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eahr.60017","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/eahr.60017","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eahr.60017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:50:23Z","timestamp":1790243423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eahr.60017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eahr.60017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eahr.60017","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2578-2355","2578-2363"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2578-2355","type":"print"},{"value":"2578-2363","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}