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Yet, effective pathogen control strategies are notoriously difficult to identify, in part because quantifying and forecasting pathogen spread and disease dynamics is challenging. Following an outbreak, hosts must cope with the presence of the pathogen, leading to host\u2013pathogen coexistence or extirpation. Despite decades of research, little is known about host\u2013pathogen coexistence post\u2010outbreak when low host abundances and cryptic species make these interactions difficult to study. Using a novel disease\u2010structured N\u2010mixture model, we evaluate empirical support for three host\u2013pathogen coexistence hypotheses (source\u2013sink, eco\u2010evolutionary rescue, and spatial variation in pathogen transmission) in a Neotropical amphibian community decimated by<jats:italic>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>Bd<\/jats:italic>) in 2004. During 2010\u20132014, we surveyed amphibians in Parque Nacional G. D. Omar Torr\u00edjos Herrera, Cocl\u00e9 Province, El Cop\u00e9, Panama. We found that the primary driver of host\u2013pathogen coexistence was eco\u2010evolutionary rescue, as evidenced by similar amphibian survival and recruitment rates between infected and uninfected hosts. Average apparent monthly survival rates of uninfected and infected hosts were both close to 96%, and the expected number of uninfected and infected hosts recruited (via immigration\/reproduction) was less than one host per disease state per 20\u2010m site. The secondary driver of host\u2013pathogen coexistence was spatial variation in pathogen transmission as we found that transmission was highest in areas of low abundance but there was no support for the source\u2013sink hypothesis. Our results indicate that changes in the host community (i.e., through genetic or species composition) can reduce the impacts of emerging infectious disease post\u2010outbreak. Our disease\u2010structured N\u2010mixture model represents a valuable advancement for conservation managers trying to understand underlying host\u2013pathogen interactions and provides new opportunities to study disease dynamics in remnant host populations decimated by virulent pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.1792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,28]],"date-time":"2018-10-28T20:48:46Z","timestamp":1540759726000},"page":"1948-1962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Eco\u2010evolutionary rescue promotes host\u2013pathogen coexistence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5264-4762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graziella V.","family":"DiRenzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20744 USA"},{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology and Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise F.","family":"Zipkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology and Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan H. 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