{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:04:18Z","timestamp":1792188258424,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,20]],"date-time":"2022-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007069","name":"Oklahoma State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OKL03231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OKL03231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecological Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Habitat loss and changing climate have direct impacts on native species but can also interact with disease pathogens to influence wildlife communities. In the North American Great Plains, black\u2010tailed prairie dogs (<jats:italic>Cynomys ludovicianus<\/jats:italic>) are a keystone species that create important grassland habitat for numerous species and serve as prey for predators, but lethal control driven by agricultural conflict has severely reduced their abundance. Novel disease dynamics caused by epizootic plague (<jats:italic>Yersinia pestis<\/jats:italic>) within prairie dog colonies have further reduced prairie dog abundances, in turn destabilizing associated wildlife communities. We capitalized on a natural experiment, collecting data on prairie dog distributions, vegetation structure, avian abundance, and mesocarnivore and ungulate occupancy before (2015\u20132017) and after (2018\u20132019) a plague event in northeastern Wyoming, USA. Plague decimated black\u2010tailed prairie dog populations in what was then the largest extant colony complex, reducing colony cover in the focal area from more than 10,000\u2009ha to less than 50\u2009ha. We documented dramatic declines in mesocarnivore occupancy and raptor abundance post\u2010plague, with probability of occupancy or abundance approaching zero in species that rely on prairie dogs for a high proportion of their diet (e.g., ferruginous hawk [<jats:italic>Buteo regalis<\/jats:italic>], American badger [<jats:italic>Taxidea taxus<\/jats:italic>], and swift fox [<jats:italic>Vulpes velox<\/jats:italic>]). Following the plague outbreak, abnormally high precipitation in 2018 hastened vegetation recovery from prairie dog disturbance on colonies in which constant herbivory had formerly maintained shortgrass structure necessary for certain colony\u2010associates. As a result, we observed large shifts in avian communities on former prairie dog colonies, including near\u2010disappearance of mountain plovers (<jats:italic>Charadrius montanus<\/jats:italic>) and increases in mid\u2010grass associated songbirds (e.g., lark bunting [<jats:italic>Calamospiza melanocorys<\/jats:italic>]). Our research highlights how precipitation can interact with disease\u2010induced loss of a keystone species to induce drastic and rapid shifts in wildlife communities. Although grassland taxa have co\u2010evolved with high spatiotemporal variation, fragmentation of the remaining North American rangelands paired with higher\u2010than\u2010historical variability in climate and disease dynamics are likely to destabilize these systems in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.2712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T03:25:10Z","timestamp":1659497110000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Disease and weather induce rapid shifts in a rangeland ecosystem mediated by a keystone species (<i>Cynomys ludovicianus<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4563-0199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Courtney J.","family":"Duchardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management Oklahoma State University  Stillwater Oklahoma USA"},{"name":"Department of Ecosystem Science and Management University of Wyoming  Laramie Wyoming USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3144-0466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Augustine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010Agricultural Research Service  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6883-2442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Porensky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010Agricultural Research Service  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0236-7343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecosystem Science and Management University of Wyoming  Laramie Wyoming USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6450-6906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob D.","family":"Hennig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecosystem Science and Management University of Wyoming  Laramie Wyoming USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Pellatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thunder Basin Grassland Prairie Ecosystem Association  Bill Wyoming USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9925-7492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Derek","family":"Scasta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecosystem Science and Management University of Wyoming  Laramie Wyoming USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren C.","family":"Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bird Conservancy of the Rockies  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4701-5923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana D.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado Natural Heritage Program Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1650\/CONDOR-13-167.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rama.2019.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jwmg.22103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-008-9230-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-015-0212-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2004.00417.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2021.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46709-2_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"Model Selection and Multi\u2010Model Inference: A Practical\u2010Theoretical Approach","author":"Burnham K. 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