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In our study, we reconstructed the historical fire regime of Ne Sextsine, a 5900\u2010ha dry, Douglas fir\u2013dominated forest in the traditional territory of the T'exelc (Williams Lake First Nation) in British Columbia, Canada. Between 1550 and 1982\u00a0CE, we found median fire intervals of 18\u00a0years at the plot level and 4\u00a0years at the study\u2010site level. Ne Sextsine was characterized by an historical mixed\u2010severity fire regime, dominated by frequent, low\u2010severity fires as indicated by fire scars, with infrequent, mixed\u2010severity fires indicated by cohorts. Differentiating low\u2010 from mixed\u2010severity plots over time was key to understanding the drivers of the fire regime at Ne Sextsine. Low\u2010severity plots were coincident with areas of highest use by the T'exelc, including winter village sites, summer fishing camps, and travel corridors. The high fire frequency in low\u2010severity plots ceased in the 1870s, following the smallpox epidemic, the forced relocation of Indigenous peoples into small reserves, and the prohibition of Indigenous burning. In contrast, the mixed\u2010severity plots were coincident with areas where forest resources, such as deer or certain berry species, were important. The high fire frequency in the mixed\u2010severity plots continued until the 1920s when industrial\u2010scale grazing and logging began, facilitated by the establishment of a nearby railway. T'exelc oral histories and archeological evidence at Ne Sextsine speak to varied land stewardship, reflected in the spatiotemporal complexity of low\u2010 and mixed\u2010severity fire plots. Across Ne Sextsine, 63% of cohorts established and persisted in the absence of fire after colonial impacts beginning in the 1860s, resulting in a dense, homogeneous landscape that no longer supports T'exelc values and is more likely to burn at uncharacteristic high severities. This nuanced understanding of the Indigenous contribution to a mixed\u2010severity fire regime is critical for advancing proactive fire mitigation that is ecoculturally relevant and guided by Indigenous expertise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.2736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T03:59:23Z","timestamp":1663214363000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The contribution of Indigenous stewardship to an historical mixed\u2010severity fire regime in British Columbia, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0031-6964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsey","family":"Copes\u2010Gerbitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori D.","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1830-6126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon M.","family":"Hagerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Abbott G. andM.Chapman.2018.\u201cAddressing the New Normal: 21st Century Disaster Management in British Columbia.\u201d Victoria."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-020-0578-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Fire Ecology of Pacific Northwest Forests","author":"Agee J. 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