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However, demersal fishing methods can resuspend sediment, releasing CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and in the longer term change the physical, biological, and biogeochemical characteristics of the seafloor. Within the global response to climate change, there is a need for tools to support the identification of sites within our coastal zones that can maximize carbon storage and where marine protection will be most beneficial for both blue carbon budgets and biodiversity recovery. We assess multiple aspects of carbon cycling in coastal soft sediment environments to explore the drivers of function and their vulnerability to seafloor disturbance. This information is interpreted to demonstrate how it can support decision\u2010making for enhancing blue carbon and marine protection for climate change mitigation. We found carbon cycle functionality is driven across multiple gradients, and sites with large infauna were more vulnerable to resuspension\u2010induced CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    release. The results demonstrate that by accounting for environmental variability and complexity in marine protection, we have the opportunity to enhance multiple aspects of carbon cycling, protect biodiversity, and manage the vulnerability of sites to resuspension\u2010induced CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    release.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.70234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T10:05:33Z","timestamp":1776938733000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessing the variability and vulnerability of carbon function in coastal soft sediment ecosystems to inform protection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5468-0785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tegan","family":"Evans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Science Waipapa Taumata Rau  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6633-0887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ines","family":"Bartl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Science Waipapa Taumata Rau  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1727-939X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahrokh","family":"Heidari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science Waipapa Taumata Rau, The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1745-2084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca V.","family":"Gladstone\u2010Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Science Waipapa Taumata Rau  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8509-1356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Schenone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Science Waipapa Taumata Rau  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0235-4596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrice","family":"Delmas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science Waipapa Taumata Rau, The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4005-3882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon F.","family":"Thrush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Science Waipapa Taumata Rau  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1125137"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2020.00165"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06015-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13899"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2020.09.013"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Simple Assay Quantifying Sediment Resuspension Effects on Marine Carbon Storage","volume":"16","author":"Bartl I.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/bio.2011.61.2.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"Review of Dredge Fishing Technologies and Practice for Application in New Zealand","author":"Beentjes M. 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