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The identification of early signs of ecosystem collapse is crucial to assist adaptive management. Shifts in the ecosystems are preceded by rewiring of ecological networks. Environmental assessment still lacks indicators that quantify the state of ecological processes (e.g., trophic interactions). Thus, evaluating ecosystems using network indices is appropriate, although their responses to stress factors are not fully resolved. Network indices have been proposed to identify the good environmental status, but experimental evidence of their behavior under disturbance remains limited. We used data from a mesocosm experiment simulating different frequencies of sublethal heat waves (three sequential events across summer\u20143HW, and a single abrupt event at the end of summer\u20141HW) to construct carbon flow networks and calculate information theory indices, testing their responsiveness to disturbance. A comparison with ecological attributes was conducted to interpret the trends of network indices and assess whether these indices provide complementary insights to the ecological attributes. Our results show that, even without ecosystem collapse, carbon flow networks representing communities exposed to heat waves exhibited reduced link\u2010weighted connectance and lower internal carbon\u2010use efficiency compared to the control. These changes were associated with increased detritivory under both heat wave treatments, along with higher respiration losses and shorter average residence time of carbon after 1HW. Information theory indices proved responsive to disturbance, detecting early signs of stress that were not captured by changes in ecological attributes alone. Our findings show that information theory indices respond consistently to heat waves. Grounded in robust theoretical foundations, our study advances the operationalization of these indices for ecosystem\u2010based management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.70277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:03:19Z","timestamp":1788926599000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Network indices show heat wave\u2010induced fragility in experimental food webs: Operational insights for ecosystem management"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1189-7338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maysa","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel  Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4488-8278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Waffender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel  Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0775-6148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Scotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel  Kiel Germany"},{"name":"National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources  Sesto Fiorentino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps279045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2017.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2023.111411"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2017.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Regulation EU no. 1380\/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013 on the Common Fisheries Policy, Amending Council Regulations (EC) no 1954\/2003 and (EC) no 1224\/2009 and Repealing Council Regulations (EC) no 2371\/2002 and (EC) no 639\/2004 and Council Decision 2004\/585\/EC","volume":"354","author":"CFP","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Official Journal of the European Union"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03163-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries. 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