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Anthropogenic activities and management decisions rarely affect only one species, underscoring the need for spatially and seasonally resolved, multispecies approaches to inform conservation prioritization for effective marine spatial planning. We conducted at\u2010sea visual surveys for seabirds using strip transect methods during spring, summer, and fall in the Northern California Current over 2\u2009years (2022\u20132024). Using this dataset, we developed density surface models to describe and predict the seasonal distribution and density of the 22 most abundant seabird species. We then applied spatial clustering to identify seasonal hotspots and coldspots of three distinct metrics: (1) seabird density, (2) species diversity, and (3) relative abundance of conservation\u2010priority species. To demonstrate management implications associated with using each of these metrics, we evaluated how hotspots and coldspots overlapped with proposed offshore wind energy areas and seasonal commercial fishing activity. Hotspots and coldspots differed both spatially and seasonally, depending on the metric used to construct them. For example, some locations simultaneously supported a density coldspot and a diversity hotspot, and others were a coldspot for conservation\u2010priority species in spring but a hotspot in summer. Notably, there were no locations where hotspots defined by all three metrics overlapped. Though this study is not an impact assessment, our results have implications for marine spatial planning. In particular, multispecies metrics associated with abundance and diversity may have contrasting implications for spatial management strategies, necessitating careful a priori identification of management objectives. Our study illustrates how hotspots and coldspots can be used to evaluate potential conflicts between marine species and static (offshore wind development areas) and dynamic (seasonal fishing activity) human uses of marine regions. The choice of metrics to define hotspots and coldspots can shape conclusions about conflict or compatibility between species conservation and human use of marine resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.70327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T07:58:25Z","timestamp":1791532705000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Variable spatial management implications based on different seabird distribution and diversity metrics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Dawn R.","family":"Barlow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Mammal Institute Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University  Newport Oregon USA"},{"name":"College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University  Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa T.","family":"Ballance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Mammal Institute Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University  Newport Oregon USA"},{"name":"Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences  Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William L.","family":"Kennerley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences  Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael A.","family":"Orben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Mammal Institute Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University  Newport Oregon USA"},{"name":"Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences  Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leigh G.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Mammal Institute Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University  Newport Oregon USA"},{"name":"Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences  Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2004.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/b19708","volume-title":"Spatial Point Patterns: Methodology and Applications with R","author":"Baddeley A.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.5038\/2074-1235.35.2.743","article-title":"Understanding Seabirds at Sea: Why and How?","volume":"35","author":"Ballance L. T.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Marine Ornithology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Ballance L. T.2018.\u201cSeabird Survey Instruction Manual.\u201dFull technical report."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"Barlow D.2026.\u201cSeabird Distribution and Diversity in the Northern California Current.\u201dFigshare. 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