{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:49:11Z","timestamp":1791618551273,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":231,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecological Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this review, we articulate several important but often overlooked concepts, trends, and perspectives in the biodiversity monitoring space, specifically in the context of transforming agriculture and the wider food system. We describe the common approaches to biodiversity monitoring\u2014those focused on species, communities, functions, habitats, etc.\u2014and the methods and tools commonly used to track change. We then describe a set of fundamental ecological principles that are often overlooked by practitioners entering the agrobiodiversity space for the first time, particularly those with technical, industrial, and policy expertise in agriculture\u2010adjacent fields who seek to incorporate biodiversity into their research and operations. For these practitioners, we discuss the importance of abundance, the timelines along which population trends can be quantitatively established, the geographical scales at which ecological interactions play out, and the implications therein for anyone looking to monitor the effect of farm management practices. We attempt to describe the complexities that arise when navigating the intersection of ecological, agricultural, and social systems, highlighting the multiple sets of voices, values, and priorities that come into play in this space. From intergovernmental panels to individual farmers, the agrobiodiversity space holds a multitude of arenas where decisions are made. We raise the question of \u201cwhy, how, and for whom are we monitoring biodiversity?\u201d to encourage practitioners new to this space to consider the implications of their approach. Finally, we discuss the conflicts and trade\u2010offs that emerge in the intersection of productivity, profits, carbon, and biodiversity, and explore the challenges in finding a balance between them in the transition toward a more sustainable form of agriculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.70328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:11:31Z","timestamp":1791616291000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biodiversity isn't measured in tons: Making sense of nature in the context of sustainable agriculture"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5611-8361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iqbal Singh","family":"Bhalla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics University of Guelph  Guelph Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6039-2331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip A.","family":"Loring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics University of Guelph  Guelph Ontario Canada"},{"name":"The Nature Conservancy  Arlington Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-022-02460-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa1668"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44185-024-00062-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.125526"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13576"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-024-01970-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03066150.2011.582947"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.100126797"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/bio.2012.62.3.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3161\/15081109ACC2021.23.2.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bij.12534"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.02.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.13197"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13412-012-0086-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/13-0817.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su13158536"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781849772723"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biy117"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2005.01005.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-016-0018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","volume-title":"Advances in Ecological Research","author":"Bennett E. M.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.futures.2008.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rse2.245"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5751\/JFO-00318-940304"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejss.12025"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0366.2011.00339.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aspen.2011.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-environ-012220-012127"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12432"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2011.02048.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2024.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016136723584"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-022-01702-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2021.102239"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03066150.2022.2129013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262012751.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oik.11943"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","unstructured":"Convention on Biological Diversity.2022.\u201cKunming\u2010Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.\u201dCBD\/COP\/15\/L.25. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity.https:\/\/www.cbd.int\/doc\/decisions\/cop-15\/cop-15-dec-04-en.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/443749b"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/387253a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","unstructured":"CPIC.2021.\u201cConservation Finance 2021.\u201dhttp:\/\/cpicfinance.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/CPIC\u2010Conservation\u2010Finance\u2010Report\u20102021.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/juvs-2016-0008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau3445"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-012-9814-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.70021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/btp.13307"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001684"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2021.617996"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00063657.2011.588195"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11625-022-01102-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rse2.195"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ASC2006112"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-018-2320-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130324"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2022.103538"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35070632"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_59_1","unstructured":"European Investment Bank.2021.\u201cTask Force on Climate\u2010Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) Report 2020.\u201dEuropean Investment Bank.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2867\/234525."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2005.00845.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132419"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011541"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.979"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_64_1","unstructured":"FAO.2019.\u201cFAOSTAT Statistical Database.\u201dFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.https:\/\/search.library.wisc.edu\/catalog\/999890171702121."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.4954"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jbi.14617"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03066150.2017.1415887"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270082"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19959-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2010.01481.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107652"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-00669-090301"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-018-0100-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biy005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14081"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2026.1731666"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13101"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.2414"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcc.526"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2519347123"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_81_1","volume-title":"The Routledge Handbook of Law and Society","author":"Gonzalez C. G.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461-0248.2001.00230.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2004.1602"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2010.489068"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_85_1","volume-title":"Agrarian Dreams: The Paradox of Organic Farming in California","author":"Guthman J.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrurstud.2023.103065"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10113-024-02324-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1644\/05-MAMM-A-369R1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/120103"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2014.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_91_1","volume-title":"Karl Marx","author":"Harvey D.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrurstud.2021.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2008.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-016-0799-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2017.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_96_1","volume-title":"Diversifying Food and Diets","author":"Heywood V. H.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/07-1053.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12959"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2010.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2010.01919.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2008.0405"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/icad.12839"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/13-2186.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/1051-0761(2000)010[1270:UTEKIS]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2025.104119"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_106_1","volume-title":"Summary for Policymakers of the Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services","author":"IPBES","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-024-01427-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2023.102256"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1367943003003068"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2021.644559"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/facets-2025-0111"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/esr00182"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/13-1012.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210378"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157556"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44358-026-00140-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2003.00868.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10651-022-00550-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-100X.2010.00737.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2004.01.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ecog.05877"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-020-00515-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2006.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-04277-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-023-02113-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12073"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08941920.2021.1979150"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2021.683100"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/edn3.372"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_130_1","volume-title":"On Biocultural Diversity: Linking Language, Knowledge, and the Environment","author":"Maffi L.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-10380-230409"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.123790"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/conl.12987"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2019.108250"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/WCAS-D-12-00062.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/536143a"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects9040170"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1997.tb00029.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2012.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092613"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_141_1","volume-title":"The New Enclosures: Critical Perspectives on Corporate Land Deals","author":"McMichael P.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b03191"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2010.01476.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos12111396"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41591"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_146_1","volume-title":"Ecosystems and Human Well\u2010Being","author":"Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, MEA","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-024-01842-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2020.102902"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-020-00141-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.14534"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/er-2018-0091"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2012.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2017.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_154_1","volume-title":"Where Our Food Comes from: Retracing Nikolay Vavilov's Quest to End Famine","author":"Nabhan G. P.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbirs.2024.1380636"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv1n3x1gv"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1705834114"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.1990.tb00309.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rse2.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2015.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04644-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2005.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.1995.09040962.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.3139"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5304\/jafscd.2024.134.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0169-5347(00)89171-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ecog.07163"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12249"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ibi.12944"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781849770132"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2006.00924.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-015-0947-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912953109"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0143"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10841-017-0018-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2016.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/284880"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022412617568"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-019-01292-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0907284107"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-67757-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-021-02216-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1311860"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.14246"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nplants.2015.221"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/461472a"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-016-0793-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095737"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2019.0220"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2023.0111"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-01667-110128"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gecco.2019.e00547"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10080693"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153223"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2023.0102"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2016.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12224-013-9177-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.6147"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13769"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11284-014-1179-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1602638"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fee.1794"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-521X(02)00074-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2022.107957"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2002)083[1421:SDEOLC]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biy147"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/1051-0761(2006)016[0891:STAPOL]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rec.12049"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_209_1","volume-title":"Recommendations of the Taskforce on Nature\u2010Related Financial Disclosures","author":"Taskforce on Nature\u2010related Financial Disclosures (TNFD)","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315559971"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2005.00782.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_212_1","unstructured":"United Nations.1992.\u201cAgenda 21.\u201dPaper Presented at United Nations Conference on Environment & Development."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2011.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2023.0101"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2020.104481"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.14044"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ecog.05694"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56732-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2688-8319.12233"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biy144"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2389612"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2193\/2008-180"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43705-022-00209-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268250"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_225_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-9-445-2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.70018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_227_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-021-01540-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_228_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S037689292000048X"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_229_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.108139"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_230_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-024-02632-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_231_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/conl.12820"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_232_1","volume-title":"Economic Evaluation of Climate Change Impacts: Development of a Cross\u2010Sectoral Framework and Results for Austria","author":"Zulka K. P.","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["Ecological Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eap.70328","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/eap.70328","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eap.70328","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:11:36Z","timestamp":1791616296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eap.70328"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":231,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eap.70328"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eap.70328","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1051-0761","1939-5582"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1051-0761","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-5582","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70328"}}