{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:43:43Z","timestamp":1792673023299,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB\u20102025894"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB\u20102025894"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB\u20102324988"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB\u20102324988"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MAPS\u2010KS NSF EPSCoR OIA\u20101656006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAPS\u2010KS NSF EPSCoR OIA\u20101656006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecological Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Woody encroachment is a pervasive threat in grasslands worldwide. Encroachment has proven resilient to many nature\u2010based interventions, including frequent burning and destocking grazers. A potential solution is high\u2010intensity fires\u2014or \u201cextreme\u201d fires\u2014which combine high fuel loads with burning under dry windy conditions. Large\u2010scale tests of high\u2010intensity fire are limited and have had mixed results. We compared two catchments of tallgrass prairie heavily encroached by resprouting shrubs, with similar land\u2010use histories, including long\u2010term grazer destocking. In 2021, one catchment burned under typical low\u2010intensity conditions. The other burned on a dry, windy day, producing a high\u2010intensity fire with approximately 10\u2010m flame lengths. Based on remote\u2010sensed and on\u2010the\u2010ground measurements, low\u2010intensity fire decreased woody encroachment initially, with nearly full recovery of shrub height\/cover after 2\u2009years. High\u2010intensity fire caused top\u2010kill across almost the entire catchment, but vigorous resprouting resulted in nearly full height recovery after 3\u2009years and an increase in woody cover. After the high\u2010intensity fire, diversity metrics and forb cover increased, then fell to prefire values 1\u2009year later. Our results suggest that high\u2010intensity fires may help constrain low\u2010severity encroachment. However, reversing encroachment will require a long\u2010term approach and novel combinations of interventions, especially where resprouting shrubs are expanding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.70341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T11:50:01Z","timestamp":1792669801000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High\u2010intensity fire and long\u2010term destocking causes top kill but fails to reverse encroachment and restore biodiversity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3542-9118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalea R.","family":"Nippert\u2010Churchman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biology Kansas State University  Manhattan Kansas USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology University of North Carolina Greensboro  Greensboro North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4675-5738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zak","family":"Ratajczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biology Kansas State University  Manhattan Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7864-496X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail C.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biology Kansas State University  Manhattan Kansas USA"},{"name":"Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University  Logan Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46709-2_2","volume-title":"Rangeland Systems: Processes, Management and Challenges","author":"Archer S. 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