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Blood lipids, insulin sensitivity (Bergman protocol), fat distribution (by dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry [DEXA]), as well as psychological parameters such as depression, anger, anxiety, symptom load, and well\u2010being, were assessed before and after the dieting period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The females lost 9.6 \u00b1 2.8 kg (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .0001) of body weight, their BMI was reduced by 3.5 \u00b1 0.3 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .0001), and insulin sensitivity increased from 3.0 \u00b1 1.8 to 4.3 \u00b1 1.5 mg\/kg (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .05). Their abdominal fat content decreased from 22.3 \u00b1 5.5 to 18.9 \u00b1 4.5 kg (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .0001). In parallel, psychological parameters such as irritability (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05) and cognitive control (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .0001) increased, whereas feelings of hunger (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05), externality (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05), interpersonal sensitivity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .01), paranoid ideation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05), psychoticism (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .01), and global severity index (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .01) decreased. Prospectively, differences in body fat (percent) were correlated to nervousness (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05). Waist\u2010to\u2010hip ratio (WHR) differences were significantly correlated to sociability (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05) and inversely to emotional instability (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05), whereas emotional instability was inversely correlated to differences in insulin sensitivity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Weight reduction may lead to better somatic risk factor control. Women with more nervousness and better sociability at the beginning of a diet period may lose more weight than others. \u00a9 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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