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Since platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and the 5\u2010HT transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5\u2010HTTLPR) have been associated with eating disorders, the knowledge from a population\u2010based sample may provide useful information which changes in 5\u2010HT function observed in eating disorders represent trait vs. state effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sample was based on both cohorts of the Estonian Children Personality, Behavior and Health Study (ECPBHS). The current study was conducted during the second follow\u2010up where altogether 82% from the original sample was recruited. EDI\u20102 subscales\u2014Drive for Thinness and Bulimia\u2014were used to determine eating attitudes and behaviors. Platelet MAO activity was measured and the participants were genotyped for the 5\u2010HTTLPR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Allelic variation of 5\u2010HTTLPR or platelet MAO activity were not independently associated with drive for thinness or binge eating, but girls homozygous for the 5\u2010HTTLPR long allele and with high platelet MAO activity, both considered indicators of a higher capacity 5\u2010HT system, exhibited higher scores of drive for thinness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results suggest that drive for thinness is the highest in girls with the presence of two markers of higher serotonergic capacity. \u00a9 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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