{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:22:21Z","timestamp":1765545741151},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,24]],"date-time":"2012-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1327363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl J Eating Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Up to one\u2010third of patients with bulimia nervosa (BN) report a history of attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and the dopaminergic genes, especially the dopamine receptor D4 (<jats:italic>DRD4<\/jats:italic>), have been associated independently with both binge eating and ADHD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to (1) compare the frequency of <jats:italic>DRD4<\/jats:italic> exon III VNTR variants in 157 BN probands and equal number of healthy controls; (2) assess transmission of <jats:italic>DRD4<\/jats:italic> alleles in 68 families of patients with BN; and (3) explore the possible role of <jats:italic>DRD4<\/jats:italic> gene in childhood ADHD history in a subgroup of 81 women with BN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results showed that the BN probands and controls did not differ in <jats:italic>DRD4<\/jats:italic> allele frequency. We also did not find evidence for preferential transmission of any <jats:italic>DRD4<\/jats:italic> variant to the affected offspring with BN. However, the presence of either the 2\u2010repeat or 7\u2010repeat allele was associated with a history of childhood ADHD in BN (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .038, odds ratio = 3.2).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that although <jats:italic>DRD4<\/jats:italic> may not be associated with the diagnosis of BN, its variants are associated with a history of childhood ADHD in BN probands. This may have relevance for the understanding, prevention, and treatment of BN that evolves in the context of childhood ADHD. \u00a9 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  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